The 8th Edition of Janson's History of Art Essay

The eighth Edition of Janson's History of Art - Essay Example The three expressions works distinguished are painting and model: communicating illumination esteems, Britain: the Sublime and the Picturesque and Neoclassical Sculpture: Antonio Canova. In page 310 of the book, Painting and Sculpture: Expressing Enlightenment Values is fine art that is distinguished to outline timeframe and culture. The eighteenth century, when Newtonian order applied its most extreme effect, was amazingly significant for European custom articulation. Â Neoclassicism likewise settled articulation in figure and design. Design was distinguished by an arrival to the fundamental poise of what an advanced allude to as the respectable straightforwardness and serene haughtiness of the people of old. Authenticity a methodology of painting and model that appears to speak to the unmistakable or original, all things considered, rather than an admired, honorable, or enthusiastic translation of it is a disclosure in the workmanship recognized. In page 351 of the book, Britain: The Sublime and the Picturesque is work of art that is recognized to delineate timespan. The beautiful and the radiant in eighteenth century British stylish theory speak to culture and timeframe. Beautiful is a masterful perfect started into English custom discussion in 1782. The articulation pleasant requires to be fathomed in relationship to two other masterful norms: the glorious and the delightful. Before the finish of the eighteenth century, realist and edification thoughts concerning feel were being tried by watching the encounters of sublimity and magnificence as being non-lucid. The pictorial assortment named beautiful rose as of now in the seventeenth century and flourished in the eighteenth. Just as indicating magnificence in the ordinary way, eighteenth-century on-screen characters could surpass it through and through. In page 317, Neoclassical Sculpture.

Beowulf Embodies the Values of Anglo Saxon Society Free Essays

The Anglo-Saxon individuals, who managed England up until the Norman victory, were made out of warlike Nordic and Germanic people groups. They plunged from the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. They esteemed fortitude, quality and want for distinction and wonder and duty to getting it (like the standards with respect to notoriety and respect upheld by Homers Achilles). We will compose a custom paper test on Beowulf Embodies the Values of Anglo Saxon Society or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now They additionally esteemed liberality and the assurance of others. The principal esteem, mental fortitude, is continually scrutinized in obscurity and perilous universe of Beowulf. This world was loaded up with beasts and obstructions to kill or survive. Beowulf himself is supposed to be the most grounded man on earth around then, and the manner in which he wrestled Grendel easily, while such huge numbers of others had fizzled, demonstrated that he had a sort of superhuman physical quality. His longing for acclaim and his duty to acquiring it was likewise solid, he had a colossal measure of determination and was resolved to win himself a name. Considerably after he was well known all through the known world for his deeds, he despite everything was not yet fulfilled. After he had faced in numerous conflicts and spared the Danes from Grendel and Grendel’s mother he was as yet not content. He combat the monster, which was his most prominent achievement, and confirmation of his boldness and sheer bravery. Despite the fact that it very well may be deciphered as a proof of mental fortitude, one could likewise take a gander at it as absurdity, a man’s narrow minded want to pick up wonder, much after he has been immersed with it. Be that as it may, the Anglo-Saxon idea of self-centeredness was far less obscure than our own. Their concept of liberality was helping companions and partners, particularly in type of presents for chivalric acts. He slew the winged serpent and Grendel incompletely in light of the fact that he needed to secure the Danes and his own kin from these two outrages, yet he was additionally inspired by a longing for brilliance. Beowulf himself was unconcerned to the idea of death, he expressed it commonly all through the sonnet, a fine model is his discourse before battling Grendel. In any case, he is fixated on his inheritance and his name, which is a higher priority than life itself to him and the other Anglo-Saxons. For instance, the slave in Beowulf’s undertaking to kill the mythical serpent isn't even in the headcount because of his heredity and rank. Distinction is a piece of building the respectable family name and rank. Social portability was genuinely high among the warrior class in Beowulfs times, much like it was in the Roman armies. A decent name and the measure of gold decides a warrior’s rank, the universe of Beowulf, for the warriors in any event, is a meritocracy. Step by step instructions to refer to Beowulf Embodies the Values of Anglo Saxon Society, Essay models

Communication and Conflict Chapter 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Correspondence and Conflict Chapter 6 - Essay Example Second guideline is that each discrete feeling serves various capacities; they assist us with sorting out discernment, comprehensions, and activities so as to seek after endeavors to adapt and make. In such manner, various feelings help us in achieving various assignments in settling clashes. Third guideline is that noteworthy individual circumstances are those that trigger sorted out examples of feelings. To put it plainly, feelings occur in a composed way, with one feeling managing different feelings. Feelings collaborate with one another in intelligible manners; this is the way people can address their contentions, despite the fact that contentions are exceptionally unpredictable and might be confounding. Feelings make a precise reaction to clashes. Fourth rule is that individuals create feeling personal conduct standards as youngsters, and expand on them as they develop and develop. For example, the crying jags of little children change in accordance with progressively controlled practices as one becomes more established. The fifth standard is that singular characters are heaps of feeling personal conduct standards, and in conclusion, feelings trigger troublesome conduct because of specific triggers. One confusion about feeling is that it is an obstruction to settling clashes. For some individuals, feelings are believed to be silly, wild, and will in general raise they stay unexpressed. The propensity in this manner is for individuals (who accept that feelings are a prevention) to disregard their feelings; feelings are viewed as a negative thing, an indication of shortcoming, and ought not be communicated grinding away. Enthusiastic individuals are believed to be crazy, so it is critical to attempt to legitimize emotions intelligently with the goal that they could be placed in charge. Ordinarily, the outflow of feelings are believed to be a weight to the audience members, so our cutting edge sane culture instructs us not to communicate feelings, or to maintain a strategic distance from the individuals who do. Moreso even, develop, composed individuals are misjudged to be

Understanding what the Retail Price Index is - Free Essay Example

The Governments general index of Retail Price, which has been existence since 1914, measures the change in the price of the goods and services brought by the average family from one month to the next. The actual method of calculation of the Retail Price Index is closely related the base weighted system. The information of the prices each month is generated by investigators through out the country, who covers a wide range of types of retail outlet from supermarket to small grocery suppliers. Some items can not be collected over the country but they can be collected centrally. This includes such things as Postage and Telephone charges. When all the information has been gathered the index can be calculated, but as you can imagine this is quite a substantial task. By the time all the collection and computation has been done, the index is about four and half weeks out of date when it is announced. The standing advisory panel guides the Government that what item should go into the index, what base year should be used, when it should be changed and so on is an important part of producing the index. Retail Price Index is some kind of overall figure highlighting rapid change in the market prices pertaining to the cost of living. It would not be fair to leave the topic of the Retail Price Index without mentioning some of the criticisms. The monthly announcement of the latest change in the Retail Price Index attained an almost mystical significance during period of high infl ation. Some items which have a very significant effect on peoples standard of living are excluded from its calculation. In recognition of some of those deficiencies in the RPI, several alternatives have been proposed. There are TPI and CPI which is an internationally agreed measure. The difference between these measures are largely in terms of which items are and are not included though the methods of calculation remains similar to that we have discussed above. Different measures leads to different values of the current level of inflation. Number of Words for Part a : 378 Introduction of part -b Produce an application, based on your experience from the organization that you work for or one that you are familiar with, to show how RPI aids the accuracy of forecasting Retail Price Index is based on the principle that if there is an increase in the general level of prices which is reflected through Retail Price Index by say an X% over a period of Y period then also it would not affect the invested capital amount at the time one had invested since one is likely to gain a minimum return of the same % on the savings made. Whenever the situation of inflation arises we could make use of the Retail Price Index to compare the financial crisis in terms of income profit being paid at various period of time. Example: I have prepared an example, where an engineers rate per hour is 18 pounds in the year 2003. To keep pace with the inflation his rate in the next year 2004 would be as follows: YEAR RETAIL PRICE INDEX EARNED AMOUNT (POUNDS) 2003 181.3 18 2004 186.6 ? Here we are increasing the value of an amount of money in line with increasing price and this method is inflation. Earned amount of 2004 = Earned amount of 2003 x Retail Price Index of 2004 - Retail Price Index of 2003 = 18 x 186.6 / 181.3 = 18.53 Earned amount of 2004 = 18.53 2. Comet Electronics is a switch producer organization and the respective year data is available. Here the annual average Retail Price Index values are taken in to consideration for a successful period of five years all based upon January 1987 data and the base year for the calculation is 2001. This has been represented in the form of a table as under: ANNUAL SALES YEAR RPI (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) (Average) 11.0 2001 173.3 13.0 2002 176.2 14.5 2003 181.3 16.1 2004 186.6 18.5 2005 192.0 Here 2001 year data remains unchanged. For the year 2002 173.3 / 176.2 x 13 = 12.79 For the year 2003 173.3 / 181.3 x 14.5 = 13.86 For the year 2004 173.3 / 186.6 x 16.1 = 14.95 For the year 2005 173.3 / 192.0 x 18.5 = 16.87 Here in this case the percentage changes in the annual sales of the organization from year to year increases from 11 to 12 % per year but at the same time there is an increase in the value of RPI by about 1.25% per year. Thus one can conclude that the firms value of money in terms of sales from the past period is increasing which is clearly seen when it is compared to the original date values. Thus, increase in the firms sale is accountable by an increase in the prices and inflation. A graph for the above example has been represented by plotting year vs annual sales which is shown as under. . SR.NO YEAR MONTH ANNUAL SALES R.P.I  (MILLION OF POUNDS) 1 2001 JAN    171.1   MARCH 11.0 172.2 2 2002 JAN    173.3   MARCH 13.0 174.5 3 2003 JAN    178.4   MARCH 14.5 179.9 4 2004 JAN    183.1   MARCH 16.1 184.6 5 2005 JAN    188.9   MARCH 18.5 190.5 6 2006 JAN    193.4  MARCH  ? For the example no:2 the complete data of the annual sales the Retail Price Index corresponding with respect to the year 2001 to 2006 has been given above: Assume a linear relation between the year the annual sales without considering the Retail Price Index for month of march 2006 the sale forecast would be as follows: From the straight line equation, y=a+bx where b= nÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xy- ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"y / nÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x2 -(ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x)2 Here y is the total sales, x is the year, a is the constant cost, b is the gradient, n is the number of years. The turnover has to be evaluated so it would be the y-variable the year is the x variable. SR. NO ANNUAL SALES (MILLION OF POUNDS) YEAR ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x2 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xy (y) (x) 1 11.0 1 1 11.0 2 13.0 2 4 26.0 3 14.5 3 9 43.5 4 16.1 4 16 64.4 5 18.5 5 25 92.5 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"y = 73.1 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x=15 55 237.4 From y=a+bx a=y-bx, y=ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"y / n = 73.1 / 5 = 14.62. x= ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x / n = 15 / 5 = 3 b = 5 x 237..4 (15) (73.1) / 5 x 55 (15) (15) = 90.50 / 50 = 1.81 a= 14.62 1.81 x 3 = 9.19 : y = 9.19 + 1.81 x 6 ( x = 6, the sixth year whose turnover to be calculated ) y = 20.05 millions of pounds. The forecasted sale for the year 2006 without using the RPI is 20.05 millions of Pound. 3. If we plot the data of example no.2 the growth of the sales is not far from a straight line pattern. We will therefore fit regression line to get a forecast of the Retail Price Index for the sixth year i.e. 2006 which become the variable and the year is x-variable from straight line equation. y = a + bx y = Total Cost a = Constant Cost b = Gradient x = Units Total Cost = Constant Cost + Gradient = Constant Cost + Cost / Unit x No. of Units Assuming linear relation between the Retail Price Index and the number of years the best of the line fit is, y = a + bx y = mean of y x = mean of x a = y bx From the equation b = nÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xy- ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"y / nÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x2 -(ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x)2 S. NO YEAR R.P.I ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x2 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xy (x) (y) 1 1 172.2 1 172.2 2 2 174.5 4 349 3 3 179.9 9 539.7 4 4 184.6 16 738.4 5 5 190.5 25 952.5 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x=15 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"y=901.7 55 2751.8 n = 5 5 x 2751.8 (15) x 901.70 b = 5 x 55 (15) b = 4.67 a = y bx y = ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"y / n = 901.70 / 5 y = 180.34 x = ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x / n = 15 / 5 x = 3 a = 180.34 4.67 x 3 a = 166.33 y = a + bx = 166.33 +4.67 x 6 y = 194.35 Therefore the RPI for the 6th year is 194.35 In this chart we can clearly see the increase in the RPI by year to year. Using the RPI value to calculate the % change in the index between the years is as under. % change = Later date RPI x Earlier date RPI 100 Earlier date RPI For the year 2000 2001 = 172.2 x 171.1 / 168.40 100 = 74.96 % For the year 2001 2002 = 174.5 x 173.3 / 172.2 100 = 75.61 % For the year 2002 2003 = 179.9 x 178.4 / 174.5 100 = 83.92 % For the year 2003 2004 = 184.6 x 183.1 / 179.9 100 = 87.88 % For the year 2004 2005 = 190.50 x 188.90 / 184.60 100 = 94.93 % For the year 2005 2006 = 193.40 x 194.35 / 190.50 100 = 97.30 % Now taking the average of the % we get 74.96 + 75.61 + 83.92 + 87.88 + 94.93 + 97.30 = 85.76 % 6 With the help of above chart we can clearly see that it is not in a straight line as we shown in the first chart. Forecasting the turnover for the year 2006 by taking the base year data of RPI. The increase in the % we get = 11 x 85.76% + 12 = 21.43 millions of pounds. By using the RPI we can forecast that the annual sale for the year 2006 is 21.43 millions of pound. Conclusion: As above shown in both example number 2 and 3 we can clearly see that the forecast of the year 2006 with the help of RPI is more than that of other. Using the RPI would be better to plan a proper growth of the sales. But, the only problem is that, it is based on assumption. Reference: Clare Morris, Year 2008 7th edition, Quantitative approaches in business studies, England (Essex) UK Retail Price Index from internet. Total number of words: 1743

UK grocery market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1839 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? ‘‘Co-Operative Foods Market Segmentation and Brand Positioning Grocery Market Overview Market Structure The Co-Operative Group The Co-operative Foods Segmentation Market Segmentation Consumer Market Segmentation Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "UK grocery market" essay for you Create order Target Marketing Co-Ops Target Market Brand Positioning Marketing Mix (4Ps) Co-Ops Brand Positioning Co-Ops Brand Strategy 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 Executive Summary The Co-Operative group is in UK market for over 150 years and operates across the food, travel, funeral, pharmacy and banking and insurance sectors. It has 4.5 million members and around 5,300 retail outlets. This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the strategy adopted by Co-Op in order to target the consumers and market. It also explores the brand positioning of Co-Op in the grocery retail market in accordance with the consumer demands. In order to do this analysis market segmentation framework is used to separate the target market into groups and by keeping the Co-Ops ethical and fairtrade principles in mind. Brand positioning strategies adopted by the Co-Op food were identified by using the marketing mix framework (4Ps). It is found that Co-Op is having intense pressure from its rival Tesco and Sainsburys who are growing rapidly into the convenience retailing. Although Co-Ops profits are gone up as compared to recent years but there is still room for improvem ent. 1.0 Grocery Market Overview 1.1 Market Structure The UK grocery market is mainly dominated by the big fours who have acquired almost 64% of the market share and of which Tesco is holding the 30% of the market share (Mintel 2009) and it also shows the oligopolistic nature of the market. The grocery market players have divided their customers into two groups: primary shoppers and top-up shoppers , and according to Mintel (2009) the primary shopping is dominated by big fours (Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda and Morrisons) plus Waitrose who are sharing 80% of the market share. The UK is through its worst ever recession which has also affected the grocery retailers and lead to change their strategies. According to Keynote (2009) the ‘hard discount strategy was adopted by most retailers in last two years which was quite successful. Another strategy adopted by the supermarket retailers is to diversify their chains in rural areas in form of convenience stores in order to targets people who have a little access to supermarkets (Mintel 20 09). 1.2 The Co-Operative Group This is UK base co-operative established in 1863 and it is quite diversified organization which mainly operates through its two divisions: trading and financial services. The Co-Operative group is well known for its ethical nature and fair trade principles which reflects within its organisation and differentiates it from its competitors. The Co-operative Group operates across the food, travel, funeral, pharmacy and banking and insurance sectors. It has 4.5 million members and around 5,300 retail outlets 1.3 The Co-Operative Foods The Co-OP food operated in UK through its 2223 food stores which can be found in two formats: convenience stores and small/ medium sized supermarkets (Data monitor 2008) The Co-Op food lies on the 5th place in grocery retail market with 8% shares, thanks to its merger with Somerfield in July 2008 (Mintel 2008). The Co-Op used to be the UKs largest grocery retailer in 1960s and through Somerfield acquisition it will be able gain this position again in neighbourhood market. According to the Telegraph (2009) Peter Marks, chief executive of the Co-op said that: ‘‘the move from the big four UK retailers Tesco, Asda, Sainsburysand Morrisons- to a big five including the Co-op will further boost competition for UK consumers. The Co-Op targets its consumers through its ethical and fare trade approach which is the main emphasis of the Co-Op group as stated above. The key strategy adopted by Co-Op is ‘be local act local but in recent years they are having intense c ompetition from Tesco and Sainsburys who are extended their business in convenience sector and grow rapidly. 2.0 Segmentation According to Jobber (2004) the ways in which individuals and organisations with similar characteristics were put together that have significant implications for the determination of market strategy is called market segmentation. 2.1 Market Segmentation Each buyer can act as a potential separate market due to its unique demands and needs (Kotler 2005). It depends on companies to either follow this approach or not, companies can practise no segmentation (mass marketing), complete segmentation (micromarketing) or something in between (niche marketing) according to Kotler (2005) The Co-Op food is following the micromarketing approach rather mass marketing which has its own drawbacks. Kotler (2005) says that the micromarketing is a way of tailoring products to suit individuals according to their taste and needs. Through these criteria (Co-Op) it is targeting the local market by keeping them in convenient locations and addressing the key ethical issues. Although with the merger with Somerfield in July 2008 (Mintel 2008) they got some medium sized super market in their camp but the main focus is still the ‘c-store format. 2.2 Consumer Market Segmentation As Kotler (2005) stated that there is no single way to segment a consumer market. A marketer has to try different segmentation variable either alone or in combinations. These segments can be divided into four groups: * Behavioural Segmentation * Psychographic Segmentation * Geographic Segmentation * Demographic Segmentation The Co-Op is mainly targeting the behavioural and psychographic consumer segments. Through psychographic approach it is targeting the consumer on the basis of their social class, lifestyle as well as their personality through its ethical and organic food products. On the other hand through behavioural segmentation it is targeting peoples loyalty, their usage rate and attitude towards its product range. 3.0 Target Marketing Choosing a specific segment to serve in a market is called target marketing (Jobber 2004), also firms need to segment the market and target that segment in order to work effectively. 3.1 Co-Ops Target Market The segmentation strategy is been adopted by the Co-Op Food in order to remain competitive in the market. The Co-Ops target market is given below: * Neighbourhood market * Ethical market * Fair trade market * Top-up shoppers These above mentioned areas are the key segments targeted by the Co-Op, as it mainly operates in c-store format and it emphasis on providing fresh food products by targeting the local market and by keeping its ethical dilemma and fairtrade principles in mind. There is another important segment it targets is top-up shopping market, through this area Co-Op gets the opportunity to gain customer and introduce them to their ethical principles. 4.0 Brand Positioning 4.1 Marketing Mix (4Ps) The marketing mix model which is also known as 4Ps is used as a tool by marketer in order to implement the market strategy. The 4Ps are: * Product * Price * Place * Promotion Product: Co-Ops product offering is pretty simple, it has fairtrade products, organic products and also simply range which targets almost all segments of the market on the basis of quality and ethics. According to Mintel (2009) the most of the supermarkets have the good-better-best product range but Co-Op is so far concentrating on the better and best product range. Few of the key brand product offered by Co-Op are mentioned in table2. Price: At Co-Op the price is a big issue at Co-Op which can be expected at a convenience store but its their ethical stance which keeps the prices high too. But in order to remain competitive Co-Op offers range of discounted products and through its loyalty cards it gives an opportunity to get points against spending which can be used for further shopping at store. Place: This is the most important part of the strategy adopted by Co-Op through locating its stores at convenient and accessible places. As reported by Mintel (2009) the first criteria by C-store shopper is the location rather than price. Due to its convenient placement of stores Co-Op provides child friendly and time friendly environment right in the heart of community for its customers who find out of town shopping time consuming and stressful. Promotion: The current slogan by Co-Op is ‘Good with food. Other initiatives include the ‘Green dot scheme, highlighting healthy products. Mainly Co-Op promote its brands through local radio and TV and also by donating in local community projects 4.2 Co-Ops brand positioning According to Mintel (2009) the key rule followed by the Co-Op is getting into the market with bigger brand prospective which weve seen by the acquisition of Somerfield. Through this merger, Co-Ops gone bigger but still theyve opted to remain in the heart of local community by acting as local convenience store. And this message is conveyed by the Somerfields brand message ‘Britains favourite local grocer. 4.3 Co-Ops Brand Strategy The Co-operative Group has adopted strong brand strategy in order to sustain the market shares. As stated by Mintel (2009) its brands lie on the basis of * ethical credentials * environmental issues * local sourcing * Fairtrade. This is underlined by Mintels consumer research, with the Co-ops customers the most likely to buy locally sourced and Fairtrade items. In order to become a responsible retailer Co-Op launched it Ethical Food Policy which resulted because of good response from its 250,000 members. As result Co-op switched all of its premium meat products with RSPCA Freedom-food label (Mintel 2008). Simply value brand is also a replacement for every range and actually it is a Somerfield brand 5.0 Conclusion Although Co-Op operates through its large number of small stores by targeting different location and consumer groups but the average foot fall in some of stores is relatively less (Mintel 2008). As it is facing intense pressure from supermarkets in order keep the prices at a competitive level which is quite difficult as it is operating on such a large scale and operating cost are high. The main problem is that Co-Op is not seen as a shopping destination for majority of consumers and they treat it is as top-up store which nearby and available most of the time. A recent study by Mintel shows that only a significant percentage of people take ethical issues seriously while they shop. For them fairtrade and organic food are just another premium line on the shelf and the price factor restrict them from buying. Mintel (2009) shows an improvement in fairtrade sale but it seems organic products are struggling to keep up sales target during recession. It is clear that Co-Op is facin g intense pressure from its rivals but it has improved a lot through merger and rebranding strategy. Its profits are record high as compared to last 10 years. More and more people are getting awareness of ethical approach adopted by Co-Op and it shows the significance of Co-operative food in the intense market environment. 6.0 References * Data Monitor (2008), Company Profile: Co-operative Group Limited, June 2008, London: Data Monitor. * Jobber, D. (2004), Principles and practice of marketing, 4th Edition, Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education. * Hall, J. (2008), Co-op swoops on Somerfield in  £1.56bn deal, Telegraph.co.uk, 16th July. * Kotler, C. (2005), Principles of marketing, 5th Edition, Essex: Pearson Education Ltd. * Keynote (2009), Market review Food Catering, Jan 2009, 19th Edition, Keynote Publishing Ltd * Mintel (2008), Mintel market report- Food retailing, November 2008, London: Mintel. * Mintel (2009), Mintel market report- Convenience retailing, September 2009, London: Mintel. * Mintel (2009), Mintel market report- Food retailing, November 2009, London: Mintel. [https://academic.mintel.com/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show/display/id=395621/display/id=496165/display/id=496171#atom2] accessed 10/12/09 * Mintel (2009), Mintel market report- Food retailing, November 2 009, London: Mintel. [https://academic.mintel.com/sinatra/oxygen_academic//display/id=395621/display/id=496166] accessed 05/12/2009

Angel investing - 2482 Words

Angel Investing: Frequently Asked Questions What is an Angel Investor? An angel investor is a high net worth individual who invests his or her own money directly into an early stage company, in return for equity (ownership) in the company. In addition to providing financial capital, angel investors mentor and coach their portfolio companies, and help fill in functional or skill gaps in the company. They introduce the companies to other investors, and to colleagues who may be able to increase the company’s value. Most angel investors are entrepreneurs who have exited one or more businesses. They often invest in companies for reasons that go beyond monetary return. This may include staying in touch with new business developments,†¦show more content†¦In the Philadelphia region, angel groups syndicate deals on a regular basis, sharing due diligence as well as terms. What Makes a Company a Good Candidate for Angel Investment? 1. The company has a must-have product or service with a unique competitive advantage. The company’s product must identify a significant need among a large and clearlydefined target market. Investors use the term â€Å"pain point† to describe the problem that the product will solve – and the company needs to relieve the customer’s â€Å"pain† in a unique and compelling way. It needs to be a â€Å"must-have† rather than a â€Å"nice-to-have† product for its target market. Robin Hood Ventures Angel Investing FAQs 2 12/3/2010 Angel Investing: Frequently Asked Questions 2. The company has a working prototype of its product or service, and at least one paying client. Essentially, the product needs to be ready to go. If the product is just an idea, it is too soon for angel investors to get involved. Likewise, if the company is already a successful business looking to expand its market, it may be ready for the larger resources that venture capitalists can provide. 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Physical Therapy Guillain-Barré syndrome

Questions: You are seeing a patient who is 3 weeks post onset of Guillain-Barre syndrome in the rehabilitation facility. Your patient's lower extremity muscle strength grades are as follows: hip flexion 3+/5 hip extension 2/5 hip abduction 2-/5 knee extension 2-/5 knee flexion 2-/5 ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion 1/5 Answer following questions: 1. List 2 goals for this patient. Select goals that have not been cited by other students. Include Essential components of a well written goal found in Shumway-Cook and Woollacott Figure 6.2. 2. Formulate 2 treatment interventions (one for each goal) to achieve these goals. 3. Name two points you would educate this patient on for maximizing function and prevention/delay of future exacerbation. Select points that have not been cited by other students. 4. Would you work on standing this patient? Why or why not? Answers: Introduction Guillain-Barr syndrome or GBS is described as a group of clinical symptoms which manifests as acute inflammatory poly radiculoneuropathy. GBS results in diminished reflex and weakness. Symptoms and Signs A typical patient with GBS, suffers from relatively gentle gastrointestinal or respiratory illness. The patients have complaints of and muscle weakness in the lower extremities of the body and finger dysesthesias. The weakness progresses over hours to days to affecting the muscles of respiration, truncal muscles, arms, and cranial nerves. GBS is an immune mediated disease and post infectious. Humoral and cellular immune mechanisms most probably play an important role in the development of GBS. In the weeks preceding the onset of GBS, patients report an infectious illness. Most of the infectious agents of GBS which have identified till now induce the production of antibodies which cross-react with specific glycolipids and gangliosides, like GD1b and GM1. These antibodies are distributed in the peripheral nervous system throughout the myelin. 1. Goals for patient Muscle strength is manually assessed by standard methods A Normal grade is the full existent range of motion against gravity and high manual resistance (Riley, 2016). The patient has lower extremity muscle strength grades are as follows: 1/5: There is flicker in the muscle but there is no movement 2/5: Movement of muscle is possible but there is no movement against the gravity 3/5: Movement of muscle is possible against gravity but there is no resistance offered by the examiner Goal 1 Patient will perform excursion exercises and trunk rotation with hands clasped together in standing 5 to 10 times, 1 to 3 times a day. The patient should lie flat, bend his knees and put feet flatly on the floor. Then he should inhale and exhale, while twisting at the waist. Along with this legs should be lowered slightly to the right side. The knees should be pressed together while doing this. Then patient should inhale while returning legs to the center, keeping the knees pointed at the ceiling. The patient should exhale and lower the legs to the left. The pelvis should not be lifted off the floor. Goal 2 The patient will ambulate within parallel bar using assistance of contact guard while seeing the reflection in a mirror, for 5 minutes, thrice a day. The patient should place the working limb on one side and the stump on the other. After this the patient stares at the mirror which is placed on the side of the good limb and makes movements which are mirror-symmetric. The patient sees the reflected image of the moving hand and thus, it seems as if the phantom limb is moving. Using this false visual feedback the patient can "move" the bad limb this stimulates the patient to unclench the bad limb from painful positions (Chan et al., 2007). 2. Treatment interventions For the first goal, patients need to be monitored for hemodynamic instability as well as cardiac arrhythmias, during the rehabilitation program. The intensity of the suggested exercise program should also be monitored because overworking the muscles may sometimes lead to increased weakness of the patient (Andary, 2016). For the second goal mentioned here, intravenous immunoglobulin should be administered as treatment intervention. During administering intravenous immunoglobulin, healthy immunoglobulin is extracted from the donor blood and given to the patient through intravenous injections. The healthy antibodies block the harmful antibodies thus destroying such harmful foreign bodies which attack the nerves. Doses of IVIg are given each day for 5 days. (Nhs.uk, 2014) 3. Patient teaching During GBS patients may suffer from bad moods, so they may find it useful to talk with counselors. Patients of GBS and their family members should be taught about the disease in detail (Andar, 2016). It is an event that can have long lasting implications on physical and psychological condition. Family training and education is important to avoid complications later during the rehabilitation stages of the disease. 4. Making the patient stand The patient will not be able to stand in the third week because of muscle weakness and in addition there might be shortness of breath due to weakness of respiratory muscles and proprioception may also be impaired (Andary, 2016). Approximately eighty percent of the patients suffering from GBS can walk independently from the 6th month and almost sixty percent of patients fully recover their motor strength in one year. In almost five to ten percent of patients recovery becomes a prolonged process, requiring many months of dependency on the ventilator. References Andary, M. (2016). Retrieved 15 January 2016, from Calefato, J. (2012). [online] Available at: https://www.acpin.net/Resources/Synapse_Autumn_2012.pdf [Accessed 15 Jan. 2016]. Nhs.uk,. (2014).Guillain-Barr syndrome - Treatment - NHS Choices. Retrieved 15 January 2016, from https://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Guillain-Barre-syndrome/Pages/Treatment.aspx Riley, M. (2015).Dune.une.edu. Retrieved 15 January 2016, from https://dune.une.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031context=pt_studcrpaper Chan, B., Witt, R., Charrow, A., Magee, A., Howard, R., Pasquina, P. et al. (2007). Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain.New England Journal Of Medicine,357(21), 2206-2207. https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmc071927

Pepsi and Its Competitors Essay Example

Pepsi and Its Competitors Essay World Leader In Convenient Foods Beverages Industry †¢ Revenues – About $43 billion and over 198,000 Employees across the globe †¢ PepsiCo was founded in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay †¢ PepsiCo brands are available in more than 200 countries and territories across the globe †¢ PepsiCo has more than 500 products in it’s portfolio of which 18 brands generate $1 Billion each in retail sales A broad spectrum of beverages worldwide bringing fun and refreshment to consumers Frito-Lay invigorates PepsiCos portfolio of products with plenty of good food and good fun Tropicana, the strongest name in juices; the best of fruit Quaker expands our portfolio with a wide range of healthy food choices Gatorades line of performance drinks adds over 40 years of rehydration sports nutrition research to the PepsiCo portfolio Our Corporate Philosophy Performance with Purpose At PepsiCo we gauge our financial achievement by our social and environmental performance. Our sustainable efforts have given our business the solid foundation we need to keep pace with an ever-changing market A Philosophy That Is Manifested At PepsiCo India Through A Comprehensive Sustainability Program PepsiCo India Our Portfolio Today Meets A Range Of Consumer Food Beverage Needs Beverage Need States Refresh Snack Need States Refresh Hydration Enjoyment Sustenance Enjoyment Health Indulgence Health Indulgence Nourishment Transformation Nourishment Enhancement Energy Energy Serviced By Muscular Brands That Enjoy Consumer Preference and Loyalty Built Through Superior, ConsumerValidated Propositions, Rooted In Insight And Supported By A Robust Information Ecosystem We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi and Its Competitors specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi and Its Competitors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi and Its Competitors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Periodic KPI Tracking Digging deeper Consumer Insights †¢ More than observation or findings – Deeper more penetrating †¢ Talking to consumers, not just talking about them †¢ Recognizing relationships †¢ Re-framing the problem †¢ Driven by both people process †¢ Syndicated data †¢Consumer/ retailer data †¢ Trend reports †¢ Customized research ( qualitative quantitative) †¢ Internal data †¢ Consumer motivation emotional attachment to brands †¢ Consumption rituals †¢ Ethnography †¢ Consumer segmentation,Typology †¢ Consumer/Customer decision making tree However Our Consumer Is A Moving Target – Evolving Rapidly Macro Consumer Trends Point To Consumers in Experience-Maximization Mode Stop-Go Stop-Go Lives Lives The reshaping of culture, community, what it means to belong Adapting to a life that is fast, flexible and lived-on-the-go Community Community Transformations Transformations Health Health Wellness Wellness Increasing focus on Wellness, though low evidence yet of walking the talk The rising currency of visual information New New Communication Communication Currencies Currencies Professional Professional Consumers Consumers Experiential Experiential Society Society Consumers seeking savoring experiences Consumers increasingly becoming demanding, sophisticated contradictory in their shopping patterns Fundamentally Changing The Consumer Engagement Paradigm Bite Sized Communications Niche is the new norm Shorter attention time spans, unprecedented exposure Customization personalization, spurred by increased individualism Authenticity is a key value Brand Affinity is tougher to build Declined trust in Corporations demand for more information Brand Platforms are becoming crowded spaces – Cricket is activated by gt; 130 brands! Consumers Are Now In Control The Rules of Engagement Have Changed Altering the Power Equation Between Advertisers Consumers Much Of This Is Powered By A Changing Media Landscape + My Media We, the Media MANY-TO-MANY Consumer control an engagement Niche Media Mainstream Media ONE-TO-MANY ONE-TO-FEW ONE-TO-ONE Social Media Personal Media Segmented Media Mass Media Media Today Is Feeding Consumers’ Appetite For Content†¦ †¦But Also Affiliating Them To Powerful Ideas Traditionally, Media Distribution Had A â€Å"Top Down† Structure broadcaster affiliate (distributor) affiliate (distributor) affiliate (distributor) affiliate (distributor) affiliate (distributor) Now Media Is Essentially De-centralized Content jumps†¦ Consumers â€Å"broadcast† to other consumers through blogs, BBS and social networks. †¦between platforms†¦ between geographies movie gets uploaded then downloaded THE RESULT: Media Democratisation where anyone can become a journalist, author or film maker Driven By The Fact That Markets Have Become Conversations The Cluetrain Manifesto †¢ An influential book written in 1999 – A set of 95 theeses put forward as a manifesto for all businesses operating in what was suggested as a â€Å"newly connected marketplace† †¢ Fundamental to The Cluetrain Manifesto was the premise that the Internet provided a new and unique forum for communication that would ultimately shift the nature of business communication and marketing. A powerful global conversation has begun. Through the Internet, people are discovering and inventing new ways to share relevant knowledge with blinding speed. As a direct result, markets are getting smarter—and getting smarter faster than most companies. †¢ Powered by Social Media And Web 2. 0 Social media is an umbrella term that defines various activities that integrate technology, social interaction and the construction of words, pictures, video and audio. Source. Wikipedia. org MORE SIMPLY PUT†¦. Social Media is about people having conversations online.. The Social Media Landscape Today Is A Powerful Enabler Of The Changing Conversation Types of Social Media Blogs ( web-logs) †¢ Emerged in the Mid 90s; Simple online diaries by individuals, corporates †¢ Micro blogs †¢ Twitter fastest growing social media brand †¢ Instant messaging, news/image sharing, job board †¢ Continues to evolve as a real-time communication tool †¢ Social Networks †¢ Connections †¢ Music, sports, politics, sex, hobbies †¢ Sub-category includes customizable social networks – eg Ning, KickApps â € ¢ †¢ Video/Image sharing sites †¢ Upload and share; The blurring of ‘public’ vs ‘private’ Social Media Aggregators ‘FriendFeed’, ‘socialthing’ †¢ Centralize users’ various profiles; manage multiple conversations from one location †¢ Social News Aggregators †¢ Submit links to content on other websites †¢ Ranked by discussion it evokes †¢ Social Bookmarking sites – Folksonomies †¢ Bookmark and share useful web pages †¢ Wikis †¢ Creation and editing of interlinked web pages – collaborative websites †¢ 100% UGC – By the readers Media Consumption Is Evolving From LeanBack, Captive to Lean-Forward, Engaged out about OOH, Malls, Book / Music Stores, Theme Parks Mobile Events, Gym, Disc/Pubs, Clubs ean forward Newspaper, Magazines RSS – Feed, Internet Blog, Gaming, Contests, Social Networking lean back TV, Radio Cinema, Movies on Demand, DVR IPTV, Interactive Games scheduled demand participate Both Traditional Media As Well As Social Media Can Be Lean-Forward Traditional media like TV, Press and Outdoor can also be â€Å"lean-forward†. The key i s that the content provides a stimulus that evokes a response/call-to-action and engages in a dialogue with the viewer/reader. An Entire Generation Has Grown Up With Digital As A Way Of Life Consider Some Facts†¦ 27 Social Networking growth at 36% from Jan’ 08 ( Music at 24%, Gaming at 15%) Source: Comscore India – June 2009; Economist – Feb 2009; Social media tracker wave Conversation Velocity- The Speed At Which Chatter Spreads, Is Magnified By Social Networks 28 Average number of friends on facebook Just 2 degrees of separation on facebook results in an exponential multiplier Impact of the chatter: 87% say ‘Word of Mouth’ is a powerful recommendation*. * Source: Nielsen Online Global Consumer Study April 2007 There Is An Emerging Sub-culture Of People Who Simply Consume Online Media 31% 17% China 16% 15% 9% 4% Australia India Korea Malaysia Singapore 16% of those online spend less than 5hrs a week consuming traditional media Ironically, many of these ‘online only’ consumers are still consuming the same content – i. e. Watching TV shows, listening to the radio and so on. Yet they are doing it digitally. The web enables them to access conten t on demand, content previously unavailable, or in a manner that previously wasn’t possible. The Net Is Fast Becoming The Preferred Information Source Search Explosion India 73% of internet users search the web*1 1+ Bn queries per month with 53 Searches per User *2 Over 4. 8 mn Clicks On Search Ads *1 Search revenue projected to touch $120 mn in 2010 from $50 mn *3 *  Source: 1. IAMAI 2008 2. comScore qSearch (June 08) 3. Industry Sources A Significant Growth in ‘Prosumerism’†¦ 32 A Prosumer is someone who both consumes and produces information. A fundamental shift in consumer behavior underpinning Web 2. 0, is the movement from simply consuming information to also producing (and publishing) information – the shift from the â€Å"Consumer† to the â€Å"Prosumer†. Almost 1 in 5 online consumers have started a blog – 60% of them are about personal experiences. Only 14% claim they have visited a corporate blog If brands can learn to converse with, rather than market to consumers, blogs can be used as the ultimate listening post on consumer needs and sentiment. *  Source: Research International APAC study †¦And The Increasing Importance Of Word Of Mouth Taiwan Singapore Malaysia India China Australia Total 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Influenced by online comments Not Influenced by online comments The cross roads between Prosumerism and Social networks – opinions from people you know and trust – is the ultimate in viral communications, either positive or negative, for brands. Life Caching Is Making Us Digital Storytellers†¦ People are sharing and interacting like never before 36,00,000,000: Photos archived till June ’09. That’s roughly 1 photo for every two people on this planet! 13,000,000: The number of articles available on Wikipedia 132%: The monthly growth rate of Twitter users from Jan to Feb ’09 3,000,000: The average number of Tweets per day on Twitter. com 13 hours: The amount of Video uploaded to YouTube every minute 1,00,000,000: The number of videos viewed per day 200,000,000 blogs! ,000,000,000: the number of minutes spent on Facebook each day Facebook is bigger than Russia The Success Of The US Presidential Election Is Testimony To This†¦ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 5,000,000 – the number of active Barack Obama supporters across 15 social networks 14,200,000 – Number of views Obama’s â€Å"Yes We Can† video got on YouTube An additional 15 of the 1800 official and 139,000 unoffici al Obama videos received gt; 1 million views $ 6, 500, 000 – the amount of money 3 million online donors contributed to the ’08 Obama campaign For companies, resistance to social media is futile. Millions of people are creating content for the social web. Your competitors are already there. Your customers have been there a long time. If your business isn’t putting itself out there, it ought to be†¦ Businessweek Feb 19, 2009 What Implications Does This Pose For Marketers? The New Communication Model Will Need To Evolve from Monologue to Dialogue†¦ †¦ Flipping classical marketing on its head Participation Is The New World Order In Marketing A big shift from monologue advertising to conversational advertising/communication †¢ Marketers today are in a unique position today to create competitive advantage by understanding and leveraging the power of technology. †¢ With the use of technology and the internet as our playground we can go from one touch point to millions in a manner of hours †¢ Moving beyond contact with consumers to something much more meaningful†¦ †¢ †¦ that’s engagement †¢ And engagement fosters connections which lead to relationships †¢ Resulting in brand loyalty. Where Effective Communication Will Combine Both Media Dimensions Leveraging The Power And Impact Of Media Convergence†¦ â€Å"†¦where old and new media collide, where grassroots and corporate media intersect, where the power of the media- producer and the power of the media- consumer interact in unpredictable ways. Henry Jenkins, author â€Å"Convergence culture† †¦ And Borrowing On The Principles Of Transmedia Storytelling The cross-platform blitz for â€Å"The Matrix† was generally interpreted as a major advance in digitalera storytelling (The audience can choose how deep to go! ) or, more often, as a major advance in exploitative licensing and marketing The Wachowski Brothers who produced The Matrix supplemented the first chapter of their film trilogy with two more films; Enter the Matrix, a video game that revealed critical events and interactions offscreen before, and during the events of the 2nd and 3rd films; The Animatrix, a series of animated s horts from acclaimed anime directors that covered critical background events and introduced minor characters featured in the later films; and a compilation of Matrix comics from renowned comic artists and writers. Defining Transmedia Storytelling Transmedia stories are those â€Å"which unfold across multiple media platforms with each new text making a distinctive and valuable contribution to the whole† †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Each medium should do whatever it does best At best, each part is self contained to make it accessible on its own terms, without the rest of its components The vision needs to be consistent and unified; if it is redundant or selfcontradicting, participants will notice Can attract multiple audiences by using different approaches in different media, to reach each group The logic shifts from â€Å"licensing† to â€Å"co-creation† Can form communities when it brings people and gives them something to do From Transmedia Storytelling Transmedia Planning Advertising Interactive Experience Advertising Public   Relations Interactive Experience Public   Relations Person Person Central  Idea Brand   Community Person Person Retail Direct   Marketing Retail Direct   Marketing Media Neutral Planning Transmedia Planning The Concept Of Transmedia Storytelling Is Reshaping Entertainment, Marketing, Advertising and Branding In 2001, BMW stunned the ad world by investing in short films which had nothing to do with their product The idea was to give film directors a BMW car around which a compelling short film was to be made. Many of the tales centered on life-and-death chase scenes, but several were humorous or even melancholy. McDowell ( Mktg VP, BMW) figured if The Hire, took off and the films were downloaded from BMWs Web site by 1 million to 2 million viewers, BMW would chalk up the same number of eyeballs as a snappy advertising campaign aired during the Super Bowl, but would reach a higher percentage of BMW-type customers: Progressives with a nose for cinema, technology, and high bandwidth. If you really understand your consumer, you can be very clever about how to communicate. You can change the whole paradigm The buzz started slowly with the first film but grew to avalanche proportions by the time Madonnas short comedy film about a cranky diva was released, overwhelming BMWs expectations and forcing the automaker to add servers as fast as it could. But it didnt stop there. As the short-film gambit rocketed around the blogosphere, national TV broadcasters flooded McDowells office with requests for interviews on CBS, Entertainment Tonight, and Fox News. The novelty of an automaker producing films fanned public interest and stoked downloads. After one year, the number of viewers who had visited BMWs Web site to download The Hire shot to over 21 million, and with three more films added in 2002, it rocketed to 100 million, sparking a Harvard Business School case study. One million enthusiasts ordered a DVD with all eight films. Source: Businessweek Watch the Madonna film at http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=8tDg1YKp8M0 More Recently The Viral Marketing Campaign For The Dark Knight Was A Powerful Transmedia Experience http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=1pd74It? yVofeature=related So What Does This Mean For Brands? Brands will be â€Å"owned† by consumers more than ever before Spark Conversations: Create opportunities for your consumers to own the brand by giving them something to talk about Create brand fans by providing interesting consumer experiences, and then leverage the passion of this user base Both individuality and collectivism are important for consumers – enable this for them through our brands Collaborations and Co-creation will be key Focus on Consumer participation in Idea Generation/ NPD Create Ideas that are open source and that consumers can play with Be willing to let consumers contribute to the brand narrative Collaborations and Co-creation will be key Be prepared to use different media to tell different parts of a story Think about partnerships with brands who have similar core values Be transparent, inclusive – this is the era of Authenticity Lets Take A Look At Some Examples 1) ENABLING RELATIONSHIPS AND COMMUNITY When Pepsi created the first online community for a billion cheering cricket fans the Blue Billion Pepsi’s Bluebillion website has evolved into India’s first online cricket community – an affinity league for a billion cheering Indian fans †¢ †¢ Total page views 2. 58 mn Total unique users 6. 6 L http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=FPXhDGoi6yM When Pepsi branded the Unstoppable generation†¦ Youngistaan The Youngistaan Portal Page Views – 2. 63 MM; Unique Users – 1. 08 MM; Avg Time Spent – 8. 1 mins An Experience Gateway For Youngistaanis; A Key Multiplier of the ATL Idea . –1 s PV s lac 6 s PV – 3 la 1. 8 cs s . 25 lac ws – 1 ie Video V 4 lacs; . 6 PVs – 5 lacs 1. 04 d– ons Coup e load own d – PVs la . 65 3 cs When Nike created the NIKE + RUNNING COMMUNITY http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=nhStKDFGv_s When You Can Use The Internet To Get Off The Internet Source: meetup. com Meetup helps groups of people with shared interests plan meetings and form offline clubs in local communities around the world. With more than 2,000 groups that get together in local communities each day, Meetup is the worlds largest network of local groups. Meetup currently has 4. million members in 3,601 cities worldwide, 46,315 local groups, 4,916 Meetup topics and facilitates 102,000 Meetups monthly. Their tagline? â€Å"Use the Internet to get off the Internet! † 2) SHINE THE SPOTLIGHT ON YOUR CONSUMER Doritos Presented Consumers With The Biggest Stage Ever To Showcase Their Creativity – The Super Bowl! Visit  http://www. crashthesuperbowl. com/ Kurkure Gave Its Evangelists The Ultimate Sign of Respect – Featuring Them on Their Packs †¢ Over 50mm Kurkure packs carried pictures of winners along with their recipes gt;1L entries received Positive impact on both Volume and share of teatime consumption †¢ †¢ Pepsi My Can Leveraged User Passion To Give a New Face to the Pack†¦ And The Brand †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Page Views gt; 3. 6 mn Unique Users gt; 3. 06L Total Video Views gt; 3. 13L Total Votes gt; 2. 89 mn Avg. Time Spent 7. 5 min Smith’s Is Recruiting Consumers To Design Their Next Flavor http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=-poiJFcdCXo 3) CUSTOMIZATION Lays Accelerated Consumer Engagement With Its New Flavors Through Consumer Advocacy Dewmocracy â€Å"you want to vote now. Dew itâ₠¬  Mountain Dew Is Leveraging The Collective Intelligence Of Its User Base to Architecture The Brand: From Flavor To Packaging Graphics http://www. facebook. com/mountaindew#/mountaindew? v=app_11007063052viewas=0 http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=n3mphZrRFgk 4) BREATHE LIFE INTO THE BRAND EXPERIENCE Honda staged a live three-minute TV ad showing a team of skydivers demonstrating Hondas current marketing idea Difficult is worth doing. Pepsi Engaged With Youngistaan By Making The Consumer the Chief Architect WHATS UR WAY? Interrupt Engage Entertain 5) INVOLVE YOUR CONSUMER Pepsi’s Gave its Consumers A Collective Voice refresheverything. com An open letter The idea was to create an OPEN LETTER to the President, simply by asking Millenials ( core TG) the question: What would you say to the man who is about to refresh our nation? The timing was perfect. Just as Pepsi introduced the new brand platform of â€Å"Refresh Everything†, the new President was taking office. The initiative capitalized on the excitement and momentum the entire country was feeling. 7,00, 000 visits to refresheverything. com, Over 700 videos (gt; YouTube benchmark of 200 videos); over 4,000,000 video views www. pepsicotastethesuccess. com/case_study_AV 6,000,000 unique Facebook visitors; On Jan 22nd, #1 most viewed sponsor channel TOI Led A Movement That Sparked A Nation’s Imagination http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=pgHyjMgPi2Q Tata Tea Became A Force For Social Change http://www. jaagore. com/ http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=JXWdhB1xYic 6) CONNECT THROUGH ISSUES THAT ARE IMPORTANT TO YOUR AUDIENCE Quaker Oats Partnered With TOI To Raise Awareness†¦ And Action†¦To Promote Heart Health Sunsilk Created A Space For Young Women To Connect On Issues In Their Life Dove Made Its Brand Hugely Relevant Culturally, By Challenging Stereotypes The creative idea: Challenge narrowly defined stereotypes by promoting the idea that beauty comes in all shapes and sizes The Media Used: Primarily New age http://www. campaignforrealbeauty. com/ http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=oYfwIAWWH6M 7) ENGAGE, INTERRUPT, INFLUENCE Pepsi Max In UK Sharply Jump-shifted Salience And Affinity By Evolving Their Engagement Model†¦ share of spend INFLUENCE share of voice engagement share of mind From Communicating to consumers interruption To Engaging with them Bringing The Story Alive By Being Part Of Their Consumers’ World User generated content Virals Messenger Tabs On-line streaming Mobile UK’s first brand channel on YouTube Burger King Leveraged Its Biggest Asset – The Whopper In A Daring Experiment Burger King Whopper Freakout The restaurant experimented with discontin uing the Whopper for a day. Hidden cameras in the restaurant and the drive-in captured genuine consumer reactions. The film attracted 3. 3 million views and inspired a series of spoofs. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=epsgsfuIN4Y Diesel’s Digital Campaign Positioned The Brand As Cutting Edge http://heidies. com/demo2/ McDonald’s Alternate Reality Games Involved Consumers Without Making Them Feel â€Å"Marketed To† An alternate reality game (ARG) is an interactive narrative that uses the real world as a platform, often involving multiple media and game elements, to tell a story that may be affected by participants ideas or actions. The Lost Ring is an alternate reality game, (ARG) revolving around a fictional Olympic sport that disappeared 2000 years ago that was created by McDonald’s as part of their marketing for the 2008 Olympic Games, in Beijing, China. Read  the  case  at  http://www. thelostring. com/ The Key Challenge For You PepsiCo’s View On Building Brands At PepsiCo, we are committed to building: †¢ Great Brands – – – †¢ with an ambitious vision a distinctive point of view on the world Consumer relevance and bonding Brands built with ideas bigger than just advertising This requires a sharp focus on new rules of consumer engagement, as well as new-age marketing practices that enable a living, breathing relationship with our key consumers The Key Question How can PepsiCo take a leadership position in new age marketing spaces (lean forward media)? More Specifically, Our Challenges Are†¦ How might we leverage lean-forward media to address these following needs? 1. How might new age media be leveraged to build â€Å"brand PepsiCo†? †¢ †¢ With Key stakeholders: Consumers, Customers, Key Opinion Leaders, Government and Institutions? How might this help us engage deeper with them by facilitating dialogue ( as also provide a tool to address consumer concerns) 2. How must consumer-engagement models be structured to suit the brands’ life-stage and communications needs? †¢ How may we drive stronger affinity and connect for brands like Pepsi and Lays which have a â€Å"youth† bulls-eye? Conversely, how can we sharp-shoo t on younger brands like Mountain Dew, Gatorade and Quaker Oats, which have sub-scale AM budgets? 3. What strategic alliances/programs might help us take a leadership position in this space? †¢ †¢ How do we build programs that drive linkages between traditional and new media? Partnership with like-minded brands? Some pointers for you as you work the case†¦ 1. Refer back to slides 24 and 25 for an understanding of the definition of â€Å"lean forward Media†. †¢ Both traditional media as well as social media may be â€Å"lean-forward† – the key is that they must stimulate consumer engagement and dialogue. 2. Consider these facts about the Indian digital market †¢ Despite the large population, total online users are only 57 million ( 5% penetration) †¢ 37% of the users are from Cyber cafes, driven by the growth of online gaming †¢ Broadband has grown 83% from ’07 to ’08. However, 512 mbps is considered broadband †¢ Local language sites have grown to 34% of market †¢ Ecommerce is a USD $2000 Million industry of which travel contributes to 80% †¢ At 400 Million mobile users, India is second only to China †¢ 20% of mobile users are mobile internet users. Most have their first internet experience on their phone. Some pointers for you as you work the case†¦ 3. The tale of two Indias †¢ The TG is not a homogenous group, with key differences between metros and non-metro cities. What’s the new language to connect with both these groups? Young Adults 19-24 yrs, Metros: 4. 1 MM Characteristics Prefer English to Hindi; Experienced online users Key Online Activities Online activities :Emailing-93%, SM-88%, IM/Chats-78%, Job search -78%, Downloads- 69% and News- 66% Higher accessing of content related to dating/friendship, Cinema, financial info and net banking More likely to have a blog , but not as active as their smaller town counterparts Offline Asset Ownership: Own Mobile, Internet Connection at Home, Bank Accounts more than other segments Young Adults 19-24 yrs, Metros: 9. 1 MM Characteristics Prefer Hindi to English Key Online Activities Online activities: Emailing–93%,SM–88%,Job–78%,IM/Chats–77%,Downloads-68% and News- 65% Checking cricket score, mobile content and matrimony search higher than metro Mobile is key Send/receive mail using handset higher than metro Maximum % visiting adult content, SN sites More into blogs and video sharing than metro counterparts, more likely to read a blog and visit blog sites more than 5 times a day. Members of online communities- school/alumni, computers, internet and education highest in this group Offline More computers/laptops than metro counterparts Low cable TV connection/DTH compared to metros Source: Juxt Consult Youth Online Report 2008; Metros: Delhi, Mum, Kolkata, Chennai, Bglore, Hyderabad, Pune, Ahm Some pointers for you as you work the case†¦ Teens 13-18 yrs, Metros: 0. 6 MM Characteristics Comfortable with both English and Hindi Second maximum number of entrants from this group Key Online Activities Mostly accessing from home; Experienced online users with 3 out of 4 accessing over 5 times a day Use more eng info and local language search Online activities: Emailing–87%,SM-81%,Downloads-69%, IM/Chat-68% and Games-59% Least active on online shopping; Members of online communities – professional, games and school, Alumni Offline Very light users of mass media Maximum % of ownership of computer/laptop than the other segments Teens 13-18 yrs, Other towns: 1. 8 MM Characteristics Comfortable with both English and Hindi Maximum online entrants from this group; The only family member using Internet Key Online Activities Use primarily from Home and cybercafe, once daily Online activities :Emailing–86%,SM-85%,IM/Chat-69%,Games-61% and Downloads music/mov-60% Higher accessing of content related to Astrology, Health/lifestyle, cricket score than metros Mobile is key – consistent usage higher than Metro equivalents Members of Games and music communities- video sharing on the rise Searching more than metro counterparts but not buying Offline More iPods than young adults and metro counterparts (on a % basis) Implications Traditional Media †¢ Standard TV advertising has seen a dip in effectiveness, but appetite for content is growing How do we use TV to satiate the hunger for content in a way that is linked to our brands? †¢ The rise of the advocacy channel †¢ Word of Mouth is becoming a big influencer †¢ Media is becom ing catalyst for social activism or at least social activity more people vote for ‘Idol’ than in their national election †¢ Online consumer opinion is now more valued than TV ads or editorial How do we become a part of the conversation? Implications †¢ â€Å"Search online† is becoming the new â€Å"first moment of truth†. How do we configure strategies to emerge on the consumer’s search radar? †¢ Mobiles and Mobile screens are becoming a reflex lifestyle. How can our brands fit in? †¢ Social Networking is growing at a furious pace. How do we play the game by the rules of the medium? Execution Format†¦ 1. Your submission should follow the following format: †¢ †¢ †¢ Your presentation may be in your preferred document format – MS Word or Powerpoint. Your presentation should be within 40 slides or 5000 words. An executive summary should precede your presentation – this is to be presented in video format, between 3-5 minutes duration. The objective is to simply to gauge your presentation skills – we are not looking for sophisticated production values. †¢ Slide 96 has 3 questions posed to you. Your team must address all three.

Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone Book Notes Is a Free Study Guide on Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone by J. K. Rowling. Essay Example

Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone Book Notes Is a Free Study Guide on Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone by J. K. Rowling. Essay Example Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone Book Notes Is a Free Study Guide on Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone by J. K. Rowling. Essay Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone Book Notes Is a Free Study Guide on Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone by J. K. Rowling. Essay Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone Book Notes is a free study guide on Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone by J. K. Rowling. The story begins with a description of the Dursleys, an utterly normal family in England, who are left with baby Harry Potter on their doorsteps. Aunt Petunias sister Lily married James Potter and became a powerful couple in the wizards world. They were killed by the evil Voltemort, leaving Harry with a large scar on his forehead and legacy as the only wizard to escape Voltemort alive. Head wizard Albus Dumbledore decides to have Harry grow up with the Dursleys until he is ready to attend Hogwarts, the premiere magic school in England. At age 11, Harry is wisped away to Hogwarts by the giant gamekeeper, Hagrid, to find himself lost amongst a new world of magic and power. Hagrid takes Harry to Diagon Alley, where he retrieves some of his inheritance from Gringotts, the wizard bank, and purchases his books, wand, and robes from the Leaky Cauldron and Ollivanders. On the train to Hogwarts at platform Nine and Three Quarters, Harry meets his new friend Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. : Everyone is amazed to meet the famous Harry Potter. On the train Harry also meets Draco Malfoy, a boy with whom he develops a distrust and hatred. At Hogwarts, the children meet Dumbledore, McGonagall, Snape, and Quirrell, all professors and wizards. At the opening banquet, the Sorting Hat decides in which house the children live, sorting Hermione, Neville, Ron, and Harry into Gryffindor, and Draco Malfoy into Slytherin, the house run by Snape and known to have schooled Voltemort in years past. Hermione busies herself with studies, Ron with chess, and Harry with learning about his family and powers. He becomes an expert flyer and is allowed to play Quidditch for Gryffindors team. Draco Malfoy continually tries to get the Gryffindor kids in trouble, by setting them up and dragging them away from their beds at the wrong time. One day, Ron and Harry come across a large troll and rescue Hermione from death. From then on, the threesome spies on Snape and Quirrell and seek to discover the secrets at Hogwarts. They realize that the Sorcerors Stone is hidden by a three-headed dog at Hogwarts and is the secret to eternal life created by Nicholas Flamel. They believe Snape is the culprit behind the evil and try to stop him from destroying Harry and Hogwarts. Meanwhile, Hagrid keeps an eye on Harry and looks out for him. They visit Hagrid and meet his new pet dragon, Norbert. Norbert causes problems for everyone, as dragons are illegal animals. The three send the dragon away to Romania under Harrys Invisibility Cloak and are discovered out of bed doing so. They are branded and punished with detention and stricken of fifty points each. As detention the kids must help clean up the Forbidden Forest with Hagrid. They find a unicorn slaughtered, with its blood scattered across the ground, and are frightened by an evil spirit. The good centaur Firenze flies Harry away from danger in the forest as soon as he discovers who Harry is. Harry, Ron, and Hermione discover that Voltemort tricked Hagrid into revealing the method by which to get past the three-headed dog and to the Sorcerers Stone. They rush past the dog, and through the chambers to stop Voltemort from killing Harry. Ron gets everyone past the life sized Wizards Chess board, while Hermione breaks the riddle that allows Harry to proceed to the ultimate chamber under ground. He sees the Mirror of Erised, the same mirror that shows the hopes and dreams of the person who looks inside. He finds Quirrell in the chamber without his stutter. He admits to hosting Voltemort and trying to destroy Harry in the forest. When his turban is removed, Harry sees a double face on top of Quirrells head it is Voltemort, and he wants to use Harry to get the Stone and then kill him. Harry discovers the Stone in his pocket and tries to kill Voltemort/Quirrel until he blacks out. Harry awakens in the infirmary to Dumbledore congratulating him. He saved the Stone, Hogwarts, and his own life. Because of his bravery and that of Hermione, Ron, and Neville, Gryffindor wins the House Cup for the year. Harry must go back to the Dursleys for the summer, but looks forward to all the magic he will practice and learn in the future.

Childrens Attachment Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Childrens Attachment Styles - Essay Example According to Van Wagner (n.d.), "attachment is a special emotional relationship that involves an exchange of comfort, care, and pleasure". Attachment, which has branched out to many researches and studies have originated from John Bowlby's theory of attachment. That is, it is in human's nature to have the tendency to make strong emotional bonds and connections to particular individuals. Attachment styles that are attained in childhood can have a probable effect on how a child grows into adulthood. Through this theory, there is a better understanding of child development. Kassin (2004) defines styles of attachments as the secure and insecure attachment. These types of attachments were recognized after the "Strange Situation" test done on parents and their infants to test their reactions after a "separation and reunion" procedure. An infant with a secure attachment is secure when the parent is present. Although distressed by separation, there is no significant trouble when this happens. Upon reuniting with parents after separation, a securely attached child welcomes the parent positively. The insecure styles ... Though distressed if separated from parent or caregiver, the infant seems to feel no relief in the parent's return and may show hostility toward the parent. For the avoidant-insecure attached child, they tend to avoid parents. While they do not reject attention from parents, they also do not seek comfort from parents whenever scared or frightened. The avoidant-insecure attached child seems to have no preference between a stranger and the parent. On the other hand, the disorganized-insecure attached child seems to have a mixed reaction to their parents or caregiver that includes avoidance and resistance. Here, the child appears to show a hesitant or unsure behavior towards the parent or caregiver. After separation, the child probably might seek contact with the parent but will resist the comfort given by the parent. The child's confusing behavior could be caused by a parent being both a fear and reassurance figure to a child. While children do develop styles of attachment at infancy, there are a great many possibilities in how he behaves at adulthood. Ainsworth (1989) stresses in her research that "one must be alert on the fact that key changes in the nature of attachment may be occasioned by hormonal, neurophysiological, and cognitive changes and not merely by socioemotional experience" Here, Ainsworth extended the attachment theory throughout the life cycle to consider the developmental changes in children's attachment style towards parents or surrogate figures and other affectional bonds that he may develop towards others later in life. In another research by Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991), they proposed a new 4-group model of attachment styles at adulthood. Through

Types of Business Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Types of Business Organisations - Essay Example The very best thing you can do for a superintended is not to give him more money, more buildings, or a better contract. Instead, give him a tool to make his average teachers just a little bit better and you will see a vastly greater impact across the district than any model school or blue-ribbon program will ever bring. Our coaches are master teachers who are comfortable in any classroom. They love children and love working with children in schools. They possess energy and a positive outlook, making them the kind of people that others enjoy being around.Above all, they are able to communicate their deep, honest belief in teachers, even as they suggest ways for teachers to improve Preparing the stakeholders, which includes the classroom teachers, for the new instructional facilitator’s positions is essential. According to Water’s and Grubb (2004), leadership initiating a change, such as the instructional facilitator positions, must understand the magnitude of the change implemented to use the correct leadership practices. Strategically planning and outlining expectations of the new roles can provide powerful support for the new positions. When the destination is clear and goals loaded with specifics, there is little question about what work is completed or unfinished. According to Heifetz (1994), knowing how hard to push and when to let up is central to leadership. Some teachers may need more time to adapt to the idea of a professional development opportunity that exists in their district and classroom. ... There is no guarantee that the state of Wyoming will fund the instructional facilitator positions past the two-year time frame. The intent being that if a district decides the positions positively affect student achievement after the two-year time frame, the district will provide the funding for instructional facilitators and plan for their sustainability. The sustainability of the instructional facilitator positions will be greatly impacted by the attitude of the teachers towards the instructional facilitators, and what percentage of the teachers invite the instructional facilitators to help them. Researchers at the Kansas University Center for Research on Learning have been refining and evaluating instructional coaching programs. Researchers at the Kansas University Center for Research on Learning, (2004) reports that there are less tangible qualities that impact the success of instructional facilitators. Our coaches are master teachers who are comfortable in any classroom. They love children and love working with children in schools. They possess energy and a positive outlook, making them the kind of people that others enjoy being around. Above all, they are able to communicate their deep, honest belief in teachers, even as they suggest ways for teachers to improve. (p.1) An instructional facilitator's success will depend greatly on how receptive the classroom teachers are to welcoming the instructional facilitators in their classroom. Teacher's attitudes towards the instructional facilitators are crucial. According to Knight (2006) at the University of Kansas, "If teachers like a coach, they usually will try out what the coach suggests. If they don't like the coach, they will even resist helpful

The first two chapters of Hard Times Essay Example for Free

The first two chapters of Hard Times Essay Dickenss was a lively writer who knew what he wanted to write about but also what his readers wanted to read. In each of his books dickenss is careful to select a balance between his own ideas a morel intention with that of what the Victorian public enjoyed, (mystery, crime, romance and comedy). Dickens also felt strongly about the unfair class division in the cities. He was determined to portray the wrongs done to children and make a stand against the utilitarianism in society. (Perhaps his own childhood experiences never left him). All of these factors contributed to the initial creation of Hard Times. In this essay, I will look at the satiric methods Dickens uses in the opening chapter of Hard Times). When first reading the opening chapters of the novel it is apparent that there is an obvious difference in style and language from todays text. The sentences are far longer, some of the language is unfamiliar and Dickenss is clearly manipulating the reader. To do this, Dickens uses a number of techniques, such as humour, irony, wit and exaggeration to describe the education system in this period. These methods combined are known as satire and are all used simultaneously to engage the reader into reading further and believing the plot. This was a very common tool used in the Victorian time as it encompassed comedy and exaggeration to attack an otherwise difficult situation. However this method sometimes involved the twisting of facts and over amplification of ideas in order to convey a view point. Despite this, the technique was widely accepted by Victorian society as they much preferred an exciting and interesting read. Determined to portray an insight into the education system, dickens set about describing a sinister class room scene with the aid of satire. The school is host to a new schoolmaster starting his first day teaching pupils. Dickenss carefully assigns names to each character in relation to their individual personality or stature. For example, the figures of authority are named Mr Gradgrind and Mr Chokumchild which both suggest rough, abrasive and menacing individuals. In contrast a young girl, new to the class, is named Sissy Jupe. A name which compliments her weak, feminine and vulnerable persona.

The Fight Against Child Abuse :: Violence Against Children

Could you imagine how children must feel when they are abused by someone that is supposed to love and protect them, and nothing is done to help them? For this reason, it is important to realize there are legislative laws protecting child abusers from hate crimes, and excuses certain people from mandated reporting abuse. In fact, almost 5 children die every day as a result of abuse (Child Help, 2011). Also, money is spent to convict and imprison child abusers which could be put towards programs that help people to recognize and prevent abuse. Children are the future; therefore, it is important for them to grow up in an environment they can thrive, feel safe and free from harm. After all, as the old saying â€Å"It takes a village to raise a child† stands true to this day. Now is the time for everyone to put forth the extra effort to create ways to bring child abuse, a growing epidemic to an end. As responsible citizens it is the duty to report when child abuse is suspect ed, create laws that implement stiffer penalties, and teach people how to recognize the signs and how to prevent abuse. Anyone that suspects a child is neglected or abused should be mandated to report the abuse to an official, no exemptions, and no exclusions. Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline if available at 1-800-4-A-CHILD (1-800-422-4453). This number is used to report abuse, or get help from abuse (Help Guide, 2011). A suspected child abuse case is reported every 10 seconds this totals to more than 3 million cases yearly involving more than 6 million children (Child Help, 2011). Imagine how many child abuse cases go unreported! If children are not protected from abuses this may make the victims lash out later in life and be abusers themselves. Bill SB1313 will excuse people that volunteer their time from mandated reporting. An example of a volunteer that would not be required to report abuse under this law would be a Sunday school teacher. If the Sunday school teacher is aware of child abuse within the church, then the teacher would be exempt from mandated reporting (World Net Daily, 2 004). If most child abuse cases go un-reported imagine if this law passed! The number of child abuse cases and deaths resulting from abuse would drastically increase.

Poetry Essay Essay

Brian Patten has produced a great poem called â€Å"The River Story†, which is about a river and how human pollution has affected it over years and years, plus he describes what it was like before and how the river was living. Brian Patten wrote this poem in a huge amount of detail and specifically to show how a river can be affected from human population and the aftermath from the devastation and destruction of the humans to the river. Brian Patten’s purpose for â€Å"The River Story† is mainly about describing the place that the river is situated and also to evoke emotions because Patten wants the reader to feel sorry and sympathy for harshly damaged river. The theme is developed throughout the poem by the way Patten has described the â€Å"river as wearing lily – pads like medals† and â€Å"kingfishes were his secret agents†, these quotes all come under how happy the river is and what a great life it is living. As the poem continues it starts to introduce humans and how they vomit their poisons into him and clogged with garbage and junk. These quotes represent the damage that the humans had caused and how the river is slowly dying and becoming close to nothing but dried up dirt. The structure of the poem has a huge influence on the reader. The poem is has only one stanza with 35 lines, no chorus and the lines varied in length. Patten has put in a few rhymes but there is no rhyme scheme, which indicates how the river has not got a boring life, or dose not have scheduled daily life.

Hawaiis Volcanic Hot Spot

Under the Hawaiian Islands, there is a volcanic â€Å"hot spot,† a hole in the Earth’s crust that allows lava to surface and layer. Over millions of years, these layers form mountains of volcanic rock that eventually break the surface of the Pacific Ocean, forming islands. As the Pacific Plate very slowly moves across the hot spot, new islands are formed. It took 80 million years to create the current chain of Hawaiian islands. Discovering the Hot Spot In 1963, John Tuzo Wilson, a Canadian geophysicist, introduced a contentious theory. He hypothesized there was a hot spot under the Hawaiian Islands - a mantle plume of concentrated geothermal heat that melted rock and rose up as magma through fractures under the Earth’s crust. At the time they were introduced, Wilson’s ideas were very controversial and many dubious geologists were not accepting theories of plate tectonics or hot spots. Some researchers thought that volcanic areas were only in the middle of plates and not at subduction zones. However, Dr. Wilson’s hot spot hypothesis helped to solidify the plate tectonics argument. He provided evidence that the Pacific Plate has been slowly drifting over a deep-seated hot spot for 70 million years, leaving behind the Hawaiian Ridge-Emperor Seamount Chain of more than 80 extinct, dormant, and active volcanoes. Wilson’s Evidence Wilson worked diligently to find evidence and tested volcanic rock samples from each volcanic island in the Hawaiian Islands. He found that the oldest weathered and eroded rocks on a geological time scale were on Kauai, the northernmost island, and that rocks on the islands were gradually younger as he went south. The youngest rocks were on the southernmost Big Island of Hawaii, which is actively erupting today. The ages of the Hawaiian Islands gradually decrease as seen in the list below: Niihau and Kauai (5.6 - 3.8 million years old).Oahu (3.4 - 2.2 million years old)Molokai (1.8 - 1.3 million years old)Maui (1.3 - 0.8 years old)Big Island of Hawaii (less than 0.7 million years old) and it is still expanding. The Pacific Plate Conveys the Hawaiian Islands Wilson’s research proved that the Pacific Plate has been moving and carrying the Hawaiian Islands northwest off the hot spot. It moves at a rate of four inches a year. The volcanoes are conveyed away from the stationary hot spot; thus, as they move farther away they become older and more eroded and their elevation decreases. Interestingly, about 47 million years ago, the path of the Pacific Plate changed direction from north to northwest. The reason for this is unknown, but it might have been because of India colliding with Asia at approximately the same time. The Hawaiian Ridge-Emperor Seamount Chain Geologists now know the ages of the undersea volcanoes of the Pacific. In the farthest northwest reaches of the chain, the underwater Emperor Seamounts (extinct volcanoes) are between 35-85 million years old and they are highly eroded. These submerged volcanoes, peaks, and islands extend 3,728 miles (6,000 kilometers) from the Loihi Seamount near the Big Island of Hawaii, all the way to the Aleutian Ridge in the northwest Pacific. The oldest seamount, Meiji, is 75-80 million years old, whereas the Hawaiian Islands are the youngest volcanoes - and a very small part of this vast chain. Right Under the Hot-Spot: Hawaii’s Big Island Volcanoes At this very moment, the Pacific Plate is moving over a localized source of heat energy, namely, the stationary hot spot, so active  calderas continually flow and erupt periodically on the Big Island of Hawaii. The Big Island has five volcanoes that are connected together—Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, and Kilauea. The northwestern part of the Big Island ceased erupting 120,000 years ago, whereas Mauna Kea, the volcano in the southwest part of the Big Island erupted only 4,000 years ago. Hualalai had its last eruption in 1801. Land is continually being added to the Big Island of Hawai’i because the lava that flows from its shield volcanoes is deposited on the surface. Mauna Loa, the largest volcano on Earth, is the most massive mountain in the world because it occupies an area of 19,000 cubic miles (79,195.5 cubic km). It rises 56,000 feet (17,069 m), which is 27,000 feet (8,229.6 km) higher than Mount Everest. It is also one of the world’s most active volcanoes having erupted 15 times since 1900. Its most recent eruptions were in 1975 (for one day) and in 1984 (for three weeks). It could erupt again at any time. Since Europeans arrived, Kilauea has erupted 62 times and after it erupted in 1983 it stayed active. It is the Big Island’s youngest volcano, in the shield forming stage, and it erupts from its large caldera (bowl-shaped depression) or from its rift zones (gaps or fissures). Magma from the Earth’s mantle rises to a reservoir about one-half to three miles under Kilauea’s summit, and pressure builds up in the magma reservoir. Kilauea releases sulfur dioxide from vents and craters - and lava flows onto the island and into the sea. South of Hawaii, about 21.8 mi (35 km) off the coast of the Big Island, the youngest submarine volcano, Loihi, is rising from the sea floor. It last erupted in 1996, which is very recent in geological history. It is actively venting hydrothermal fluids from its summit and rift zones. Rising up about 10,000 feet above the ocean floor to within 3,000 feet of the water surface, Loihi is in the submarine, pre-shield stage. In accordance with the hot spot theory, if it continues to grow, it might be the next Hawaiian Island in the chain. The Evolution of a Hawaiian Volcano Wilson’s findings and theories have increased knowledge about the genesis and life cycle of hot spot volcanoes and plate tectonics. This has helped to guide contemporary scientists and future exploration. It is now known, that the heat of the Hawaiian hot spot creates fluid molten rock that consists of liquefied rock, dissolved gas, crystals, and bubbles. It originates deep below the earth in the asthenosphere, which is viscous, semi-solid and pressurized with heat. There are huge tectonic plates or slabs that glide over this plastic-like asthenosphere. Due to the geothermal hot spot energy, the magma or molten rock (which is not as dense as the surrounding rocks), rises through fractures from under the crust. The magma rises and pushes its way through the tectonic plate of the lithosphere (the rigid, rocky, outer crust), and it erupts on the ocean floor to create a seamount or underwater volcanic mountain. The seamount or volcano erupts under the sea for hundreds of thousands of years and then the volcano rises above the sea level. A large amount of lava is added to the pile, making a volcanic cone that eventually sticks out above the floor of the ocean - and a new island is created. The volcano keeps growing until the Pacific Plate carries it away from the hot spot. Then the volcanic eruptions cease to erupt because there is no longer a lava supply. The extinct volcano then erodes to become an island atoll and then a coral atoll (ring-shaped reef). As it continues to sink and erode, it becomes a seamount or guyot, a flat underwater tablemount, no longer seen above the water’s surface. Summary Overall, John Tuzo Wilson provided some concrete evidence and deeper insight into the geological processes above and below the surface of the Earth. His hot spot theory, derived from studies of the Hawaiian Islands, is now accepted, and it helps people understand some ever-changing elements of volcanism and plate tectonics. Hawaii’s undersea hot spot is the impetus for dynamic eruptions, leaving behind rocky remnants that continually enlarge the island chain. While older seamounts are declining, younger volcanoes are erupting, and new stretches of lava land is forming.