KTM Sportmotorcycle free essay sample

KTM Sportmotorcycle AG is an Austrian motorcycle, bicycle and moped manufacturer. The company was founded in 1934 by engineer Hans Trunkenpolz in Mattighofen. It started out as a metal working shop named â€Å"Kraftfahrzeuge Trunkenpolz Mattighofen† and in 1954 the company began producing motorcycles. KTM, primarily a producer of premium off-road sports motorcycles, has been the fastest growing major motorcycle manufacturer for the past three years with a cumulative average growth rate from 1998-2001 of 31% in revenues and 50% in profits. Its improved financial performance enabled the company to pay down long-term debt and fund the capital expenditures associated with the company’s aggressive expansion goals. However, the prospect of slowing growth in traditional motorcycle markets, coupled with the desire of the venture fund BC European Capital, which is holding 49% of KTM, to exit soon means that KTM will have to consider how to manage its resources to be able to facilitate this exit. Problem KTM’s top management has to decide on the most profitable direction for the company’s future growth. We will write a custom essay sample on KTM Sportmotorcycle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is a possibility for a geographic and/or product line expansion. Company characteristics As mentioned above, KTM is the fastest growing motorcycle company over the past three years. Their main focus is still on the Off-road bikes, as it represented 70% percent of their revenues. Their motto is to be the technological and performance leader, producing premium bikes in low volumes and with the best technology. They are committed to performance and their slogan is â€Å"ready to race†. Tools for Analysis We have used value chain analysis and the VRIO model to assess the overall company situation and the SWOT analysis to get a better overview of the decision that the company is facing. VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS KTW – READY TO RACE SWOT Strengths: Has a high reputation for being an adventure- oriented brand Was well prepared to produce state of the as distinctive engine***** and unique design High stylish with a distinction color that was well known Superbly efficient dealen **** simiplifies its inventory o**** also helped in advertising Weakness: Initially exploited by impostors No direct control on the selection of dealers, market investment, product***** etc. ********were more busy supplying to **** guys like ford, GM etc. Opportunities: Gain a resounding presence in Moto Gran Prix through the development of V4 engine-design A possible merger with Ducati the latter being a leader in facing success worldwide Can expand into Alt-Terrain vehicles Threats: Merger with Ducati, Italy might spell trouble because of the difficult business conditions in Italy Losing out on the on-road segment to brands such as Harley Porter’s 5 forces for the industry The only substitutes to racing bikes were racing cars which were much costlier. Hence the presence of substitutes was weak. Not many suppliers were present which could provide the resources to KTM**reliably. Thus suppliers beginning power was strong. The industry involves high investment in technology and RD which is difficult for a new entrant. Hence threat of new entrant is weak. *** were ready to pay *miums for the motorcycles since they *che buyers. Hence ** bargaining power was weak. Rivalry, overall effect was weak. Current strategy Building its brand image based on technological leadership and legacy of championship titles Partnership with companies like Red Bull. To appeal to the growing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Growth Alternative: 1. Product line expansion On-road motorcycles: Joining with another firm In-house developments All-Terrain vehicles 2. Geographic expansion: Europe USA Geographic expansion – Europe Pros: With the introduction of Euro, KTM has been freed up of valuable time spent on research and development and reducing dealer con** Expansion of the EU brings the new markets for KTM Cons: strict regulation and difficult business situations in some ****e Italy Geographic expansion – US Pros: strong off-road market Cons: strengthening Euro made the exporting to US US suppliers were incapable of catering to KTM’s low volume, high techonology needs. Recommendations: KTM should go for product-line expansion for on-road motorcycles considering all alternatives. If it outsources the design and production of its major component, it co** **** **oduce thebike into marketplace*** SWOT Analysis of Bajaj KTM S. W. O. T Analysis Strength – ? Bajaj is one of the most trusted names in two wheeler industries and has a strong goodwill from its legacy of â€Å"Humara Bajaj† and Pulsar bikes ? KTM is a well known brand known for its Style and Performance ? KTM Duke 125 is a complete package in terms of style and fuel economy ? Has a Strong distribution and service channel with its 1,100 service centre and 600 dealers all across India ? Experienced management having years of experience in bike launch ? Increase in purchasing power of youth and young professional ? 125 cc bike market showing a consistent growth as compared to other segment bikes in India ? One of the kind Duke 125 cc bike having 6 speed gear system for optimal performance and speed. ? Only performance bike in 125 cc segment that gives high fuel economy ? Bajaj has won several awards for its reliability, innovation, consumer`s preference and performance segment in past years. Opportunity ? To become a leader in 125 cc bike market by launch of Duke ? To increase market share through increased sales ? To make a trust of KTM in Indian market ,so other KTM bikes can be launched under Bajaj brand ? Opportunity for Bajaj to become a global brand in world through tie up with KTM Motorcycles. ? Create a shift in consumer preferences from higher end bike to small cc bikes which offers more style and fuel economy as compared to traditional bikes available. Weakness – ? Highly competitive market ? Increase in fuel price which restrict middle income group from buying modern bikes. ? Price tag is $ 2,100 and many heavy cc bikes are available in that price Threat – ? Pilot launch of KTM Duke 125 cc under Bajaj brand, it may tamper Bajaj image if the product does not meets consumer expectation. ? New modern design bike may not appeal to Indian consumer, irrespective of high sales at Global platform. ? Rumors that other competitors are also coming up in new and stylish 125 cc bikes in near future.

A Hole in the Sky essays

A Hole in the Sky essays We live our days on earth carefree and happy, but for some that life is taken away in a single look in the mirror, or a visit to the doctor. In that one instant, they find out that their life could be changed forever; some find out their life is closer to the end then they thought. Skin cancer can be potentially deadly and it is caused by UV rays that come from the sun. How can we keep the number of skin cancer patients down Well, We keep our ozone together of course. The ozone layer is basically a thin layer of gasses, which has naturally occurred, such as oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere that keep UV rays from coming down to the surface. Ozone is O3, which in other words, are three oxygen atoms. The ozone layer can be found in the stratosphere, which is the layer next to the troposphere. Humans, us and other life on the surface live in the troposphere. Lets say for example that normal commercial airplanes all fly in the troposphere except for the Concorde, which flies in the lower portion of the stratosphere. Ozone has been found to be densest at the two poles and to grow thinner as you approach the equator. Its also very interesting to know that the one thing that keeps all life on the surface alive could kill all of what it protects if it was on the same level as us. Although global warming is an issue to very many normal people and scientists, people usually get it mixed up with our ozone problem. Even though an ozone hole can help to cause a greenhouse effect, which in turn causes global warming, they are not the same thing. The two are completely different topics and situations. In the past years ozone levels in different areas of the earth have been depleted but the most depletion of ozone was focused over Antarctica. It so happens that almost all the ozone over the continent was destroyed. What was truly disturbing is the fact that the ozone there is one of the thickest anywhere being several kilometers thic...

My favorite philosopher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My favorite philosopher - Essay Example The paper starts with the Plato's history. Being born in a wealthy and powerful Athenians (Kemerling), Plato purposed to make wise use of such advantages in addition to his wit. For generations, many people have been witnessed who were endowed with money but have grown to squander their gifts. However, it was not so with Plato and that is just one thing I admire about him. Plato had been a student to Socrates, a well-known Athenian philosopher. To his being a student, I could say that he had been among those who did his responsibilities well. The knowledge that was passed on to him was not only recognized in his future life as a teacher himself but was embraced and lived to a full worth emulating. He is to the very sense of the word, a true philosopher worthy of being called such. Thinking could have been one of the very tasks he had been doing to the end of his life for indeed he did not just influence the branches of Science and Mathematics but even the sociological and political a spect of human beings. One of my favorite sayings from the master is this, "until philosophers are kings, or the king and princes of this world have the spirit and the power of philosophy, cities will never have rest from their evils nor the human race and then only will our states behold the light of day†. Of course I strongly agree with him on this thought because leaders should be thinkers. They should not be easily swayed by what are told of them nor what they externally see but they should be able to read the minds of people around them and the reasons why things happen in such and such a manner.

HIE assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HIE assignment - Essay Example The health information exchange for the state of Utah is called the clinical health information exchange (cHIE). Utah has been having a statewide health administrative data exchange ever since 1993. Utah initiated the clinical health information exchange in order to support reform in health care. The major participants of cHIE are specialty physicians, payers, ambulatory centre, laboratory, pharmacy, public health, hospitals and the primary care physicians among others. The clinical health information exchange (cHIE) aims at improving health care quality of Utah’s populace receive by making it very easy for the clinicians to view crucial information about the patient irrespective of where someone receives medical care in Utah (Utah Department of Health, 2012). Some of the crucial information to be accessed by health care providers consists of allergies, current medications, current lab results, and health problems. Most people are now able to receive the best and safest care since their health care provider knows about their chronic conditions and allergies. Increased connectivity rates between electronic health records (EHRs) and cHIE. The future implementations of cHIE is to adopt a formative evaluation format so as to track and inform the development of the HIE. U.S Department of Health and Human Services. (2015). State and Regional Demonstration in Health Information Technology: Utah (Utah), Retrieved January 25, 2015, from

The Atlantic Slave Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Atlantic Slave Trade - Essay Example Such factors acted as drive towards exploitation of profitable commercial opportunities outside Europe and the desire of creating alternative trade network to the one under control of Muslim Empire in Middle East, and appeared as a threat to European Christendom. The traders from Europe wanted gold for trade in exchange for luxury goods like spices without the compulsion of obtaining such items from Middle East (Carson et. al 1-9). Initially, though the Europeans took part in Atlantic trade, other nationalities took part. These include the Italian kingdoms, Iberian kingdoms, Netherland, France and England. Such diversity enhances the initial exploration of Atlantic trade as an international exercise. The African countries that took part in transatlantic trade include Gambia, Nigeria, Mozambique, Ghana, Angola and Benin. The Caribbean and Latin America countries include Brazil, Cuba, Barbados, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Trinidad, Tobago and Jamaica. The North America and European coun tries include Netherland, France, Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain, Denmark, United States of America and Norway (Carson et. al 1-9). The significance of 1492 in relation to the slave trade entailed various events. First, period of Portuguese capture of slave started in 1941 in Morocco and ended in 1492 after discovery of America. The beginning of 1492 witnessed over ten million slaves introduced to New World. This was after famous voyage of Columbus in 1492 that led to adoption of slavery by Spaniards (Carson et. al 1-9). The choice of Africans resulted since Native Americans proved unsuitable for hard labor. They sought slaves to supply labor, and they believed Africans were strong and could withstand harsh conditions. The period after 1660 had the slaves considered inferior to the whites, and the slavery institution appeared first in statute books of the Jamestown. This made historians perceive slave or Negro similar to white indentured servant, making them live together in same c onditions. Black African laborers appeared more efficient and valuable for working in the fields than their white indentured counterparts. Africans were resistant to the hot and arid climate and were thus well adapted to those conditions. African slaves remained slaves for life, but the indentured servants were only slaves for a certain period (Carson et. al 1-9). Slaves were not Christians, hence separated from indentured servants who believed in God. Furthermore, people perceived slaves as dumb, ignorant and lazy as they never understood the dialect of the white man. The Englishmen felt superior, and they considered Africans as Negroes and property of the Englishman. Justification for Enslavement of Africans The governments from the countries that took part in the slave trade used ethical reasons to authorize slave trade. They adopted an ideology to justify their forceful enslavement of Africans. Such justification ensured consistency and unity. They believed that slaves were inca pable of ruling themselves and needed governance by others, especially the Europeans. This made Europeans appalled after realizing that Africans could be independent. They justified this disgust by claims of African being uncivilized and barbaric. The Europeans exploited this savage stereotype in their justification of enslaving Africans on a religious pretext using the name of God. Basis of such a justification was unsound owing to the complexity of civilization and government system in Africa,

Preparations Prior to Surgery

Preparations Prior to Surgery Table 6. Common adverse reactions during administration of local anaesthetics and their management 34 Box 2: Useful guidelines while administering local anesthesia 33 Box 3: Local anaesthesia in special situations: 30,31,32 Intradermal test dose is done to check for hypersensitivity to local anaesthesia. 0.5 to 1.0mL of test solution undiluted and containing no epinephrine is injected subcutaneously. The test is negative if no reaction occurs during the 30 minutes following the injection. However, regular use of test dose remains controversial as allergy to LA has been found to be exceptionally low (0.7%). (43) Many cases of reported allergy to LA have been attributed to sensitivity to preservatives used in the solution, such as sodium metabisulfite, rather than an allergy to the anaesthetic agent itself. (33) In some dermatologic procedures, often patients are averse to use of local injections for anaesthesia while use of topical anaesthesia may not be sufficient to alleviate their discomfort.. In these patients, vibration can be used to reduce the pain of injections. It may even be used as a substitute for anaesthesia by pharmacological agents in certain dermatological procedures like botulinum toxin injection, laser therapy, cautery of facial warts, incision and drainage of abcesses, etc. Their action is defined by the gate control theory of pain. The A -ÃŽ ² nerve fibers which transmit mechanoreceptor signals like touch, vibration, stimulate the inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord which in turn reduce the amount of pain signal l transmitted by A-ÃŽ ´ and C fibers from thes kin. Thus, counter stimulation, akin to stroking or pinching the skin, can alleviate pain sensation. (44) Cold temperature in the form of ice packs or ethyl chloride sprays has also been used for these purposes (cryo analgesia) The accountability of a dermatosurgeon towards his patient who requires surgery, not only lies in performing the procedure well but, actually begins from collecting all the medical information about him, counselling him and chalking out a plan that has his best interest in mind.(45) It is prerogative to work up the patient completely before he is taken up for surgery to avoid any adverse events. The workup should include a complete history and clinical examination, relevant investigations, counseling, and documentation. 46 A detailed history of co-morbidities and concomitant medication is taken. Concurrent conditions like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, infectious diseases should be inquired upon. History regarding bleeding tendencies should also be taken. Wound healing is delayed in diabetes due to associated vasculopathy, decrease in the peripheral blood supply and increased risk of infections, hence the blood sugar levels should be monitored and brought under control before surgery. Also, these patient should be given a broad spectrum antibiotic prophylactically. 47,48 For patients with cardiovascular disease, a sublingual nitroglycerin is kept handy in case of a possible precipitation of angina. Adrenaline maybe avoided in cases of hypertension or peripheral vascular disease.49, 50 Electrosurgical procedures are avoided in patients with pacemakers.51 In pregnancy, local anaesthesia is used without adrenaline to avoid chances of uterine artery spasm. Safer antibiotics are prescribed and salicylates and NASIDS are avoided as they can interfere with the growth of the foetus. 39 A detailed drug history is imperative as certain drugs meddle with the haemostatic, inflammatory and wound healing processes. Hence, these drugs need to be stopped for a certain period, after the advice of the physician. 52History of allergy to any drugs, ingested or applied, allergy to adhesive tapes, history of keloid formation, scarring tendencies should be asked in detail. Box 4 gives the important drugs to be taken into consideration while planning a surgery Box 4: Important drug history that need to be asked for prior to a dermatosurgery Local examination of the site to be operated should be done to check the condition of the overlying skin, and to rule out any infection. The dermatosurgeon should have a thorough knowledge of the underlying vital structures so as to avoid any trauma while performing the procedure. Thorough examination also provides signs of keloidal tendency, for e.g in pre existing scars. If the lesion to be operated upon is suspected to be premalignant or malignant, then it is prudent to perform a biopsy first to confirm the findings on histopathology and then decide the next line of treatment. To prevent post –operative infections check for damaged ,infected skin, diabetes, debilitation, hypogammaglobulinaemia, severe malnutrition, long –term antibiotic therapy, corticosteroids, immunocompromised states, emotional stress, poor hygiene, etc. Counselling is an important constituent of the management of any dermatosurgical procedure. The problems and needs of the patient are assessed, and all the options are put forward for him to decide. Patients need to have a thorough knowledge of the procedure, the complications, the follow-up, post-operative care, outcome of the surgery, must be given to the patient. All queries about the procedures duly addressed. Expected results should be explained. Any unrealistic expectations need to be put to rest then and there. Patients with unrealistic expectations should be counselled against the procedure Baseline investigations that should be done before a dermatosurgical procedure are listed in box 5. It is, however, not necessary to do the whole list of investigation prior to a minor dermatosurgical procedure. The investigations that need to be carried out should be based on the results of the clinical examination. Box 5: Investigations to be carried out prior to a dermatosurgical procedure. Complete documentation of the case is a very important part of preoperative preparation. All the relevant clinical notes, photographs should be kept as record for medicolegal reasons. A written informed consent is of paramount importance. Drugs that are prescribed before a major dermatosurgery are mentioned in box 6. However, this is again not mandatory and is based on the patient profile, nature of the surgery and surgeon’s experience Box 6: Preoperative drugs prior to a dermatosurgery Dermatosurgeon must undertake strict safety measures in order to prevent hazardous infections. As mentioned earlier hand hygiene plays a major role in preventing iatrogenic infections. Right technique of hand washing reduces contamination and prevents the transfer of infection from one man to another. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a protective gear that comprises of mask, gloves, gowns, goggles and shoes. A high quality PPE is the only barricade between the surgeon and the infectious material. 23. All the instruments required for the surgery should be kept ready in the instruments trolley before the surgery. The surgical trolley should also have surgical drapes, adequate amount of gauze pads, cotton swabs and surgical disinfectants in place. The order of keeping the instruments on the trolley should be predetermined and kept uniform for a particular surgery so as to maintain a smooth flow of operation. Also, the emergency tray should always be ready in order to deal with any critical situation. The area to be operated upon has to be cleaned and shaved if required. Disinfection of the surgical area is done by using disinfectants like povidone iodine and methylated spirit. The cleaning of the area should always be started from the centre extending into the periphery in order to ensure minimum possible risk of contamination of the site of operation. Sterile drapes must then be used to isolate the surgical area. Excision means cutting out a tissue, an organ or a tumour. The ellipse (fusiform excision) is the mainstay and workhorse of cutaneous excisional surgery and reconstructive surgery. Proper planning of the incision should be done before the surgery is started. This results in a least noticeable and well healed scar. A well planned incision line should run parallel to the favourable lines of closure i.e. the relaxed skin tension lines (RSTL) or the lines of minimal skin tension (natural skin creases or wrinkles). [Illustration 31.4] These lines can be made obvious by pinching the skin in all direction. They can also be judged by asking the patient to smile or grimace.57,58 The incision line so planned not only makes the scar inconspicuous but it heals faster and has a higher tensile strength. Lines of maximal extensibility are typically at right angles to the RSTL. These lines are important when performing a flap grafting from an adjacent area. Incisions can also be taken along the wrinkle lines, skin folds. Another option is to make a circular incision and wait for some time to allow it to turn into an oval shape after undermining the edges. Before final closure the oval shape can be converted into an ellipse. Always respect the cosmetic units of the face. The cosmetic units of the face are chin , perioral region, cheek, periorbital region, nose, forehead, glabella, and temple. Scars restricted to single cosmetic unit hide well, than the scar crossing multiple units.58 [Illustration 31.5] Nature of the lesion removed is also an important factor. For benign lesions the surrounding normal skin excised is minimal, on the other hand for malignant lesion two factors are very important, complete excision of the tumour and to include sufficient surrounding normal looking tissue in the excision to prevent recurrences. ( 59,60) The shape of the lesion also plays important role in deciding the excision line. For oval shaped lesion the long axis of the incision line must run parallel the long axis of the lesion. This will shorten the length of the scar.[61]. When taking incisions near lips or eyes, functional considerations are very important to prevent lip retraction and ectropion respectively.

The influence of sleep on the accuracy of memory Essay -- Health, Fals

The influence of sleep on the accuracy of memory The purpose of this study is to do a memory-for-words that will explore the influence of sleep on the accuracy of memory. The study examines the influence of sleep on false memory. This study is looking at two things: (1) how does sleep improve recognition of words? And if so, it would support the claim that sleep facilitates encoding into LTM. (2) How does sleep enhance a false memory of a word? According to Elizabeth F. Loftus (1996) false memories are often created by combining actual memories with suggestions received from others, it can include words that we learn and having them associated with semantic information. False memories are cause when we fail to recall the correct information. When we store information rarely we retrieve it exactly the way it happened, the fail to recall the information correctly may lead to false memories. Sleep in false memory are measured by recalling words that categorized as studied before, critical words which are the unstudied words, and the critical words which are the one that were nit studied before, but because of the semantic association it may appear during recall process. Stadler, Roediger, & McDermott (1999). A DMR paradigm is the tendency to falsely recall a target word from a list of words concentrated around that word. It lures people to falsely recall items that were never presented Roediger & McDermott (1995). In DRM paradigm, lists of words are constructed so that each word given is associated with a single non- presented word, referring to it as a critical lure. For instance, in this experiment to test participants’ words such as letters, school, study, reading, pen, pencil, paper, and pages, were presented, but its relat... ...he items in the evening and in the following morning 12 hours later after their normal sleeping time, their memory for the items were tested. The non-sleep group studied and practiced the items in the morning 12 hours later after their day of activity their memory was tested. From the results was found that there was no significance difference between the two groups in recalling the words. Limitations in this study that it uses a recognition technic instead of a free recall, low sample size, did not look at gender, as well as ethnicity (language in this case mater, especially when it comes to words that are not so familiar it is hard to recall them). In future studies a bigger sample size would be relevant for a better outcome of the result, do the test in a native language would help participant for a better recall, look at the difference in gender, ethnicity.