The 8th Edition of Janson's History of Art Essay

The eighth Edition of Janson's History of Art - Essay Example The three expressions works distinguished are painting and model: communicating illumination esteems, Britain: the Sublime and the Picturesque and Neoclassical Sculpture: Antonio Canova. In page 310 of the book, Painting and Sculpture: Expressing Enlightenment Values is fine art that is distinguished to outline timeframe and culture. The eighteenth century, when Newtonian order applied its most extreme effect, was amazingly significant for European custom articulation. Â Neoclassicism likewise settled articulation in figure and design. Design was distinguished by an arrival to the fundamental poise of what an advanced allude to as the respectable straightforwardness and serene haughtiness of the people of old. Authenticity a methodology of painting and model that appears to speak to the unmistakable or original, all things considered, rather than an admired, honorable, or enthusiastic translation of it is a disclosure in the workmanship recognized. In page 351 of the book, Britain: The Sublime and the Picturesque is work of art that is recognized to delineate timespan. The beautiful and the radiant in eighteenth century British stylish theory speak to culture and timeframe. Beautiful is a masterful perfect started into English custom discussion in 1782. The articulation pleasant requires to be fathomed in relationship to two other masterful norms: the glorious and the delightful. Before the finish of the eighteenth century, realist and edification thoughts concerning feel were being tried by watching the encounters of sublimity and magnificence as being non-lucid. The pictorial assortment named beautiful rose as of now in the seventeenth century and flourished in the eighteenth. Just as indicating magnificence in the ordinary way, eighteenth-century on-screen characters could surpass it through and through. In page 317, Neoclassical Sculpture.

Beowulf Embodies the Values of Anglo Saxon Society Free Essays

The Anglo-Saxon individuals, who managed England up until the Norman victory, were made out of warlike Nordic and Germanic people groups. They plunged from the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. They esteemed fortitude, quality and want for distinction and wonder and duty to getting it (like the standards with respect to notoriety and respect upheld by Homers Achilles). We will compose a custom paper test on Beowulf Embodies the Values of Anglo Saxon Society or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now They additionally esteemed liberality and the assurance of others. The principal esteem, mental fortitude, is continually scrutinized in obscurity and perilous universe of Beowulf. This world was loaded up with beasts and obstructions to kill or survive. Beowulf himself is supposed to be the most grounded man on earth around then, and the manner in which he wrestled Grendel easily, while such huge numbers of others had fizzled, demonstrated that he had a sort of superhuman physical quality. His longing for acclaim and his duty to acquiring it was likewise solid, he had a colossal measure of determination and was resolved to win himself a name. Considerably after he was well known all through the known world for his deeds, he despite everything was not yet fulfilled. After he had faced in numerous conflicts and spared the Danes from Grendel and Grendel’s mother he was as yet not content. He combat the monster, which was his most prominent achievement, and confirmation of his boldness and sheer bravery. Despite the fact that it very well may be deciphered as a proof of mental fortitude, one could likewise take a gander at it as absurdity, a man’s narrow minded want to pick up wonder, much after he has been immersed with it. Be that as it may, the Anglo-Saxon idea of self-centeredness was far less obscure than our own. Their concept of liberality was helping companions and partners, particularly in type of presents for chivalric acts. He slew the winged serpent and Grendel incompletely in light of the fact that he needed to secure the Danes and his own kin from these two outrages, yet he was additionally inspired by a longing for brilliance. Beowulf himself was unconcerned to the idea of death, he expressed it commonly all through the sonnet, a fine model is his discourse before battling Grendel. In any case, he is fixated on his inheritance and his name, which is a higher priority than life itself to him and the other Anglo-Saxons. For instance, the slave in Beowulf’s undertaking to kill the mythical serpent isn't even in the headcount because of his heredity and rank. Distinction is a piece of building the respectable family name and rank. Social portability was genuinely high among the warrior class in Beowulfs times, much like it was in the Roman armies. A decent name and the measure of gold decides a warrior’s rank, the universe of Beowulf, for the warriors in any event, is a meritocracy. Step by step instructions to refer to Beowulf Embodies the Values of Anglo Saxon Society, Essay models

Communication and Conflict Chapter 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Correspondence and Conflict Chapter 6 - Essay Example Second guideline is that each discrete feeling serves various capacities; they assist us with sorting out discernment, comprehensions, and activities so as to seek after endeavors to adapt and make. In such manner, various feelings help us in achieving various assignments in settling clashes. Third guideline is that noteworthy individual circumstances are those that trigger sorted out examples of feelings. To put it plainly, feelings occur in a composed way, with one feeling managing different feelings. Feelings collaborate with one another in intelligible manners; this is the way people can address their contentions, despite the fact that contentions are exceptionally unpredictable and might be confounding. Feelings make a precise reaction to clashes. Fourth rule is that individuals create feeling personal conduct standards as youngsters, and expand on them as they develop and develop. For example, the crying jags of little children change in accordance with progressively controlled practices as one becomes more established. The fifth standard is that singular characters are heaps of feeling personal conduct standards, and in conclusion, feelings trigger troublesome conduct because of specific triggers. One confusion about feeling is that it is an obstruction to settling clashes. For some individuals, feelings are believed to be silly, wild, and will in general raise they stay unexpressed. The propensity in this manner is for individuals (who accept that feelings are a prevention) to disregard their feelings; feelings are viewed as a negative thing, an indication of shortcoming, and ought not be communicated grinding away. Enthusiastic individuals are believed to be crazy, so it is critical to attempt to legitimize emotions intelligently with the goal that they could be placed in charge. Ordinarily, the outflow of feelings are believed to be a weight to the audience members, so our cutting edge sane culture instructs us not to communicate feelings, or to maintain a strategic distance from the individuals who do. Moreso even, develop, composed individuals are misjudged to be

Understanding what the Retail Price Index is - Free Essay Example

The Governments general index of Retail Price, which has been existence since 1914, measures the change in the price of the goods and services brought by the average family from one month to the next. The actual method of calculation of the Retail Price Index is closely related the base weighted system. The information of the prices each month is generated by investigators through out the country, who covers a wide range of types of retail outlet from supermarket to small grocery suppliers. Some items can not be collected over the country but they can be collected centrally. This includes such things as Postage and Telephone charges. When all the information has been gathered the index can be calculated, but as you can imagine this is quite a substantial task. By the time all the collection and computation has been done, the index is about four and half weeks out of date when it is announced. The standing advisory panel guides the Government that what item should go into the index, what base year should be used, when it should be changed and so on is an important part of producing the index. Retail Price Index is some kind of overall figure highlighting rapid change in the market prices pertaining to the cost of living. It would not be fair to leave the topic of the Retail Price Index without mentioning some of the criticisms. The monthly announcement of the latest change in the Retail Price Index attained an almost mystical significance during period of high infl ation. Some items which have a very significant effect on peoples standard of living are excluded from its calculation. In recognition of some of those deficiencies in the RPI, several alternatives have been proposed. There are TPI and CPI which is an internationally agreed measure. The difference between these measures are largely in terms of which items are and are not included though the methods of calculation remains similar to that we have discussed above. Different measures leads to different values of the current level of inflation. Number of Words for Part a : 378 Introduction of part -b Produce an application, based on your experience from the organization that you work for or one that you are familiar with, to show how RPI aids the accuracy of forecasting Retail Price Index is based on the principle that if there is an increase in the general level of prices which is reflected through Retail Price Index by say an X% over a period of Y period then also it would not affect the invested capital amount at the time one had invested since one is likely to gain a minimum return of the same % on the savings made. Whenever the situation of inflation arises we could make use of the Retail Price Index to compare the financial crisis in terms of income profit being paid at various period of time. Example: I have prepared an example, where an engineers rate per hour is 18 pounds in the year 2003. To keep pace with the inflation his rate in the next year 2004 would be as follows: YEAR RETAIL PRICE INDEX EARNED AMOUNT (POUNDS) 2003 181.3 18 2004 186.6 ? Here we are increasing the value of an amount of money in line with increasing price and this method is inflation. Earned amount of 2004 = Earned amount of 2003 x Retail Price Index of 2004 - Retail Price Index of 2003 = 18 x 186.6 / 181.3 = 18.53 Earned amount of 2004 = 18.53 2. Comet Electronics is a switch producer organization and the respective year data is available. Here the annual average Retail Price Index values are taken in to consideration for a successful period of five years all based upon January 1987 data and the base year for the calculation is 2001. This has been represented in the form of a table as under: ANNUAL SALES YEAR RPI (MILLIONS OF POUNDS) (Average) 11.0 2001 173.3 13.0 2002 176.2 14.5 2003 181.3 16.1 2004 186.6 18.5 2005 192.0 Here 2001 year data remains unchanged. For the year 2002 173.3 / 176.2 x 13 = 12.79 For the year 2003 173.3 / 181.3 x 14.5 = 13.86 For the year 2004 173.3 / 186.6 x 16.1 = 14.95 For the year 2005 173.3 / 192.0 x 18.5 = 16.87 Here in this case the percentage changes in the annual sales of the organization from year to year increases from 11 to 12 % per year but at the same time there is an increase in the value of RPI by about 1.25% per year. Thus one can conclude that the firms value of money in terms of sales from the past period is increasing which is clearly seen when it is compared to the original date values. Thus, increase in the firms sale is accountable by an increase in the prices and inflation. A graph for the above example has been represented by plotting year vs annual sales which is shown as under. . SR.NO YEAR MONTH ANNUAL SALES R.P.I  (MILLION OF POUNDS) 1 2001 JAN    171.1   MARCH 11.0 172.2 2 2002 JAN    173.3   MARCH 13.0 174.5 3 2003 JAN    178.4   MARCH 14.5 179.9 4 2004 JAN    183.1   MARCH 16.1 184.6 5 2005 JAN    188.9   MARCH 18.5 190.5 6 2006 JAN    193.4  MARCH  ? For the example no:2 the complete data of the annual sales the Retail Price Index corresponding with respect to the year 2001 to 2006 has been given above: Assume a linear relation between the year the annual sales without considering the Retail Price Index for month of march 2006 the sale forecast would be as follows: From the straight line equation, y=a+bx where b= nÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xy- ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"y / nÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x2 -(ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x)2 Here y is the total sales, x is the year, a is the constant cost, b is the gradient, n is the number of years. The turnover has to be evaluated so it would be the y-variable the year is the x variable. SR. NO ANNUAL SALES (MILLION OF POUNDS) YEAR ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x2 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xy (y) (x) 1 11.0 1 1 11.0 2 13.0 2 4 26.0 3 14.5 3 9 43.5 4 16.1 4 16 64.4 5 18.5 5 25 92.5 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"y = 73.1 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x=15 55 237.4 From y=a+bx a=y-bx, y=ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"y / n = 73.1 / 5 = 14.62. x= ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x / n = 15 / 5 = 3 b = 5 x 237..4 (15) (73.1) / 5 x 55 (15) (15) = 90.50 / 50 = 1.81 a= 14.62 1.81 x 3 = 9.19 : y = 9.19 + 1.81 x 6 ( x = 6, the sixth year whose turnover to be calculated ) y = 20.05 millions of pounds. The forecasted sale for the year 2006 without using the RPI is 20.05 millions of Pound. 3. If we plot the data of example no.2 the growth of the sales is not far from a straight line pattern. We will therefore fit regression line to get a forecast of the Retail Price Index for the sixth year i.e. 2006 which become the variable and the year is x-variable from straight line equation. y = a + bx y = Total Cost a = Constant Cost b = Gradient x = Units Total Cost = Constant Cost + Gradient = Constant Cost + Cost / Unit x No. of Units Assuming linear relation between the Retail Price Index and the number of years the best of the line fit is, y = a + bx y = mean of y x = mean of x a = y bx From the equation b = nÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xy- ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"y / nÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x2 -(ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x)2 S. NO YEAR R.P.I ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x2 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"xy (x) (y) 1 1 172.2 1 172.2 2 2 174.5 4 349 3 3 179.9 9 539.7 4 4 184.6 16 738.4 5 5 190.5 25 952.5 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x=15 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"y=901.7 55 2751.8 n = 5 5 x 2751.8 (15) x 901.70 b = 5 x 55 (15) b = 4.67 a = y bx y = ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"y / n = 901.70 / 5 y = 180.34 x = ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"x / n = 15 / 5 x = 3 a = 180.34 4.67 x 3 a = 166.33 y = a + bx = 166.33 +4.67 x 6 y = 194.35 Therefore the RPI for the 6th year is 194.35 In this chart we can clearly see the increase in the RPI by year to year. Using the RPI value to calculate the % change in the index between the years is as under. % change = Later date RPI x Earlier date RPI 100 Earlier date RPI For the year 2000 2001 = 172.2 x 171.1 / 168.40 100 = 74.96 % For the year 2001 2002 = 174.5 x 173.3 / 172.2 100 = 75.61 % For the year 2002 2003 = 179.9 x 178.4 / 174.5 100 = 83.92 % For the year 2003 2004 = 184.6 x 183.1 / 179.9 100 = 87.88 % For the year 2004 2005 = 190.50 x 188.90 / 184.60 100 = 94.93 % For the year 2005 2006 = 193.40 x 194.35 / 190.50 100 = 97.30 % Now taking the average of the % we get 74.96 + 75.61 + 83.92 + 87.88 + 94.93 + 97.30 = 85.76 % 6 With the help of above chart we can clearly see that it is not in a straight line as we shown in the first chart. Forecasting the turnover for the year 2006 by taking the base year data of RPI. The increase in the % we get = 11 x 85.76% + 12 = 21.43 millions of pounds. By using the RPI we can forecast that the annual sale for the year 2006 is 21.43 millions of pound. Conclusion: As above shown in both example number 2 and 3 we can clearly see that the forecast of the year 2006 with the help of RPI is more than that of other. Using the RPI would be better to plan a proper growth of the sales. But, the only problem is that, it is based on assumption. Reference: Clare Morris, Year 2008 7th edition, Quantitative approaches in business studies, England (Essex) UK Retail Price Index from internet. Total number of words: 1743

UK grocery market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1839 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? ‘‘Co-Operative Foods Market Segmentation and Brand Positioning Grocery Market Overview Market Structure The Co-Operative Group The Co-operative Foods Segmentation Market Segmentation Consumer Market Segmentation Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "UK grocery market" essay for you Create order Target Marketing Co-Ops Target Market Brand Positioning Marketing Mix (4Ps) Co-Ops Brand Positioning Co-Ops Brand Strategy 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 Executive Summary The Co-Operative group is in UK market for over 150 years and operates across the food, travel, funeral, pharmacy and banking and insurance sectors. It has 4.5 million members and around 5,300 retail outlets. This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the strategy adopted by Co-Op in order to target the consumers and market. It also explores the brand positioning of Co-Op in the grocery retail market in accordance with the consumer demands. In order to do this analysis market segmentation framework is used to separate the target market into groups and by keeping the Co-Ops ethical and fairtrade principles in mind. Brand positioning strategies adopted by the Co-Op food were identified by using the marketing mix framework (4Ps). It is found that Co-Op is having intense pressure from its rival Tesco and Sainsburys who are growing rapidly into the convenience retailing. Although Co-Ops profits are gone up as compared to recent years but there is still room for improvem ent. 1.0 Grocery Market Overview 1.1 Market Structure The UK grocery market is mainly dominated by the big fours who have acquired almost 64% of the market share and of which Tesco is holding the 30% of the market share (Mintel 2009) and it also shows the oligopolistic nature of the market. The grocery market players have divided their customers into two groups: primary shoppers and top-up shoppers , and according to Mintel (2009) the primary shopping is dominated by big fours (Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda and Morrisons) plus Waitrose who are sharing 80% of the market share. The UK is through its worst ever recession which has also affected the grocery retailers and lead to change their strategies. According to Keynote (2009) the ‘hard discount strategy was adopted by most retailers in last two years which was quite successful. Another strategy adopted by the supermarket retailers is to diversify their chains in rural areas in form of convenience stores in order to targets people who have a little access to supermarkets (Mintel 20 09). 1.2 The Co-Operative Group This is UK base co-operative established in 1863 and it is quite diversified organization which mainly operates through its two divisions: trading and financial services. The Co-Operative group is well known for its ethical nature and fair trade principles which reflects within its organisation and differentiates it from its competitors. The Co-operative Group operates across the food, travel, funeral, pharmacy and banking and insurance sectors. It has 4.5 million members and around 5,300 retail outlets 1.3 The Co-Operative Foods The Co-OP food operated in UK through its 2223 food stores which can be found in two formats: convenience stores and small/ medium sized supermarkets (Data monitor 2008) The Co-Op food lies on the 5th place in grocery retail market with 8% shares, thanks to its merger with Somerfield in July 2008 (Mintel 2008). The Co-Op used to be the UKs largest grocery retailer in 1960s and through Somerfield acquisition it will be able gain this position again in neighbourhood market. According to the Telegraph (2009) Peter Marks, chief executive of the Co-op said that: ‘‘the move from the big four UK retailers Tesco, Asda, Sainsburysand Morrisons- to a big five including the Co-op will further boost competition for UK consumers. The Co-Op targets its consumers through its ethical and fare trade approach which is the main emphasis of the Co-Op group as stated above. The key strategy adopted by Co-Op is ‘be local act local but in recent years they are having intense c ompetition from Tesco and Sainsburys who are extended their business in convenience sector and grow rapidly. 2.0 Segmentation According to Jobber (2004) the ways in which individuals and organisations with similar characteristics were put together that have significant implications for the determination of market strategy is called market segmentation. 2.1 Market Segmentation Each buyer can act as a potential separate market due to its unique demands and needs (Kotler 2005). It depends on companies to either follow this approach or not, companies can practise no segmentation (mass marketing), complete segmentation (micromarketing) or something in between (niche marketing) according to Kotler (2005) The Co-Op food is following the micromarketing approach rather mass marketing which has its own drawbacks. Kotler (2005) says that the micromarketing is a way of tailoring products to suit individuals according to their taste and needs. Through these criteria (Co-Op) it is targeting the local market by keeping them in convenient locations and addressing the key ethical issues. Although with the merger with Somerfield in July 2008 (Mintel 2008) they got some medium sized super market in their camp but the main focus is still the ‘c-store format. 2.2 Consumer Market Segmentation As Kotler (2005) stated that there is no single way to segment a consumer market. A marketer has to try different segmentation variable either alone or in combinations. These segments can be divided into four groups: * Behavioural Segmentation * Psychographic Segmentation * Geographic Segmentation * Demographic Segmentation The Co-Op is mainly targeting the behavioural and psychographic consumer segments. Through psychographic approach it is targeting the consumer on the basis of their social class, lifestyle as well as their personality through its ethical and organic food products. On the other hand through behavioural segmentation it is targeting peoples loyalty, their usage rate and attitude towards its product range. 3.0 Target Marketing Choosing a specific segment to serve in a market is called target marketing (Jobber 2004), also firms need to segment the market and target that segment in order to work effectively. 3.1 Co-Ops Target Market The segmentation strategy is been adopted by the Co-Op Food in order to remain competitive in the market. The Co-Ops target market is given below: * Neighbourhood market * Ethical market * Fair trade market * Top-up shoppers These above mentioned areas are the key segments targeted by the Co-Op, as it mainly operates in c-store format and it emphasis on providing fresh food products by targeting the local market and by keeping its ethical dilemma and fairtrade principles in mind. There is another important segment it targets is top-up shopping market, through this area Co-Op gets the opportunity to gain customer and introduce them to their ethical principles. 4.0 Brand Positioning 4.1 Marketing Mix (4Ps) The marketing mix model which is also known as 4Ps is used as a tool by marketer in order to implement the market strategy. The 4Ps are: * Product * Price * Place * Promotion Product: Co-Ops product offering is pretty simple, it has fairtrade products, organic products and also simply range which targets almost all segments of the market on the basis of quality and ethics. According to Mintel (2009) the most of the supermarkets have the good-better-best product range but Co-Op is so far concentrating on the better and best product range. Few of the key brand product offered by Co-Op are mentioned in table2. Price: At Co-Op the price is a big issue at Co-Op which can be expected at a convenience store but its their ethical stance which keeps the prices high too. But in order to remain competitive Co-Op offers range of discounted products and through its loyalty cards it gives an opportunity to get points against spending which can be used for further shopping at store. Place: This is the most important part of the strategy adopted by Co-Op through locating its stores at convenient and accessible places. As reported by Mintel (2009) the first criteria by C-store shopper is the location rather than price. Due to its convenient placement of stores Co-Op provides child friendly and time friendly environment right in the heart of community for its customers who find out of town shopping time consuming and stressful. Promotion: The current slogan by Co-Op is ‘Good with food. Other initiatives include the ‘Green dot scheme, highlighting healthy products. Mainly Co-Op promote its brands through local radio and TV and also by donating in local community projects 4.2 Co-Ops brand positioning According to Mintel (2009) the key rule followed by the Co-Op is getting into the market with bigger brand prospective which weve seen by the acquisition of Somerfield. Through this merger, Co-Ops gone bigger but still theyve opted to remain in the heart of local community by acting as local convenience store. And this message is conveyed by the Somerfields brand message ‘Britains favourite local grocer. 4.3 Co-Ops Brand Strategy The Co-operative Group has adopted strong brand strategy in order to sustain the market shares. As stated by Mintel (2009) its brands lie on the basis of * ethical credentials * environmental issues * local sourcing * Fairtrade. This is underlined by Mintels consumer research, with the Co-ops customers the most likely to buy locally sourced and Fairtrade items. In order to become a responsible retailer Co-Op launched it Ethical Food Policy which resulted because of good response from its 250,000 members. As result Co-op switched all of its premium meat products with RSPCA Freedom-food label (Mintel 2008). Simply value brand is also a replacement for every range and actually it is a Somerfield brand 5.0 Conclusion Although Co-Op operates through its large number of small stores by targeting different location and consumer groups but the average foot fall in some of stores is relatively less (Mintel 2008). As it is facing intense pressure from supermarkets in order keep the prices at a competitive level which is quite difficult as it is operating on such a large scale and operating cost are high. The main problem is that Co-Op is not seen as a shopping destination for majority of consumers and they treat it is as top-up store which nearby and available most of the time. A recent study by Mintel shows that only a significant percentage of people take ethical issues seriously while they shop. For them fairtrade and organic food are just another premium line on the shelf and the price factor restrict them from buying. Mintel (2009) shows an improvement in fairtrade sale but it seems organic products are struggling to keep up sales target during recession. It is clear that Co-Op is facin g intense pressure from its rivals but it has improved a lot through merger and rebranding strategy. Its profits are record high as compared to last 10 years. More and more people are getting awareness of ethical approach adopted by Co-Op and it shows the significance of Co-operative food in the intense market environment. 6.0 References * Data Monitor (2008), Company Profile: Co-operative Group Limited, June 2008, London: Data Monitor. * Jobber, D. (2004), Principles and practice of marketing, 4th Edition, Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education. * Hall, J. (2008), Co-op swoops on Somerfield in  £1.56bn deal, Telegraph.co.uk, 16th July. * Kotler, C. (2005), Principles of marketing, 5th Edition, Essex: Pearson Education Ltd. * Keynote (2009), Market review Food Catering, Jan 2009, 19th Edition, Keynote Publishing Ltd * Mintel (2008), Mintel market report- Food retailing, November 2008, London: Mintel. * Mintel (2009), Mintel market report- Convenience retailing, September 2009, London: Mintel. * Mintel (2009), Mintel market report- Food retailing, November 2009, London: Mintel. [https://academic.mintel.com/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show/display/id=395621/display/id=496165/display/id=496171#atom2] accessed 10/12/09 * Mintel (2009), Mintel market report- Food retailing, November 2 009, London: Mintel. [https://academic.mintel.com/sinatra/oxygen_academic//display/id=395621/display/id=496166] accessed 05/12/2009

Angel investing - 2482 Words

Angel Investing: Frequently Asked Questions What is an Angel Investor? An angel investor is a high net worth individual who invests his or her own money directly into an early stage company, in return for equity (ownership) in the company. In addition to providing financial capital, angel investors mentor and coach their portfolio companies, and help fill in functional or skill gaps in the company. They introduce the companies to other investors, and to colleagues who may be able to increase the company’s value. Most angel investors are entrepreneurs who have exited one or more businesses. They often invest in companies for reasons that go beyond monetary return. This may include staying in touch with new business developments,†¦show more content†¦In the Philadelphia region, angel groups syndicate deals on a regular basis, sharing due diligence as well as terms. What Makes a Company a Good Candidate for Angel Investment? 1. The company has a must-have product or service with a unique competitive advantage. The company’s product must identify a significant need among a large and clearlydefined target market. Investors use the term â€Å"pain point† to describe the problem that the product will solve – and the company needs to relieve the customer’s â€Å"pain† in a unique and compelling way. It needs to be a â€Å"must-have† rather than a â€Å"nice-to-have† product for its target market. Robin Hood Ventures Angel Investing FAQs 2 12/3/2010 Angel Investing: Frequently Asked Questions 2. The company has a working prototype of its product or service, and at least one paying client. Essentially, the product needs to be ready to go. If the product is just an idea, it is too soon for angel investors to get involved. Likewise, if the company is already a successful business looking to expand its market, it may be ready for the larger resources that venture capitalists can provide. In the case of life science companies, the product should be either in clinical trials, or ready to begin this process. 3. The company has a detailed and well-thought-out business plan. Entrepreneurs should be prepared for detailed,Show MoreRelatedAngel Investing: a Case Study of Indian Angel Network2219 Words   |  9 PagesANGEL INVESTING: A CASE STUDY OF INDIAN ANGEL NETWORK With the advent of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG) the Indian economy has witnessed a tremendous transformation. The Indian markets have taken leave of their closed nature and have become open and dynamic allowing free competition from global players. The winds of change are blowing over the global market and economy. With the process of the change, the approach of people is of more into entrepreneurship by showing theRead MoreMy New Cyber Security Companies1365 Words   |  6 PagesAre you an angel investor in cyber security companies? Are you currently fund raising for your new cyber security company? Do you work in venture capital and invest in cyber? If you ve answered yes to any of these questions then you are are either producing slide decks which are too long or you are spending time looking at slide decks which are too long. Last year, I switched from being a cyber security executive to a venture capitalist focusing on early stage cyber companies. I had always beenRead MoreLooking At The Angel Capital Group830 Words   |  4 PagesAngel investors are another way to start a business, like banks and venture capitalists. It is their job to invest, they just have different evaluations to make an investment worth their attention. Looking at the Angel Capital Group will expose the evaluations they use, and give ideas weather or not an angel investor is right for the business one seeks to have funded (Angel Capital Group, 2015). Understanding their proximity, value, experience and other factors will help define what the angel investorRead MoreChameleon Shoes Sources Of Capital1278 Words   |  6 Pagesoperations. As such, this paper seeks to explore various sources of capital with particular interest on venture capital as well as their pros and cons. Potential Sources of Capital Personal savings is the first potential source of capital for investing in the chameleon shoe venture. Personal savings especially money put aside in a bank is easily accessible and is very instrumental in starting off the business venture (Castellani et al., 2013). Actually, personal savings are important because theyRead MorePurinex Corp.5147 Words   |  21 Pagesavailable cash of $700000 which will last up to 12 months. Solution Company should proceed with two options at the same time, of course, if this is possible. Those are pursuing the partnership with a â€Å"Big Pharma† company and get additional cash from Angel investors. 1. Ultimate solution out of those available is to increase the value of the company to its maximal potential. Not only the company would increase its value to $25 mil, but also gets the financing for funding the operations. Therefore, partnershipRead MoreWhy The Investment Decision Is Financially Sound1854 Words   |  8 PagesHow to invest ethically:- It is very important to research completely about the company before investing .Company’s history finance must be reviewed to decide if the investment decision is financially sound. Besides focusing on financial return, which is just one of the various aspects of ethical investing, one must see how much company is committed to do ethical practices. Thus companies ethics and investment performances- both must be examined clearly. Talking about company’s ethics—Every corporateRead MoreEssay On Angel Investors1192 Words   |  5 Pagesshould start at the start of your journey is an angel investor. But who are these angels and what should you know about them as en entrepreneur? In this guide, I’ll explain angel investing and tell you eight things all entrepreneurs should know about angel investors – if you know these, you will be better prepared to raise money from the angels. So, let’s get going. Who is an Angel? You should, of course, know who an angel actually is. An angel is not a magical, winged man or woman who descendsRead MoreE Commerce : A Great Idea Can Only Get You So Far With Limited Funds1075 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness’ niche audience. All types of investing has risks, pros and cons. Depending on what startup you are developing, it is important to know your different funding opportunities. ANGEL INVESTING An angel investor is an individual who provides seed money for starting a business, or ongoing support to help carry a company through times of financial struggle. Once, you do find an angel investor, be prepared to start negotiating. Those who invest in startups as angel investors often want partial ownershipRead MoreThe New Way Of Raising Capital1517 Words   |  7 Pagesnumber of individuals to invest small amounts of money into their business idea. If the entrepreneur’s funding target is met, rewards are offered to backers. Historically, venture capital firms and angel investors played a paramount role in the early stage financing for startups. However, crowdfund investing has become increasingly popular for many reasons to be explored later in the paper. With increased competition in the capital raising field, the startup environment is changing so radically thatRead MoreAngel Investment Essay870 Words   |  4 Pages6 Angels are not venture capitalists You should also know that angel investors are not venture capitalist. It’s an important, but often forgotten, distinction. You do need to learn the difference, as it can make raising money just slightly easier – you don’t want to be pitching to angels when you actually need a VC. Above, I already gave you to short introduction to angel investing. So, what about VCs? Why are the two different? Much of the difference is down to the way the investors operate

Physical Therapy Guillain-Barré syndrome

Questions: You are seeing a patient who is 3 weeks post onset of Guillain-Barre syndrome in the rehabilitation facility. Your patient's lower extremity muscle strength grades are as follows: hip flexion 3+/5 hip extension 2/5 hip abduction 2-/5 knee extension 2-/5 knee flexion 2-/5 ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion 1/5 Answer following questions: 1. List 2 goals for this patient. Select goals that have not been cited by other students. Include Essential components of a well written goal found in Shumway-Cook and Woollacott Figure 6.2. 2. Formulate 2 treatment interventions (one for each goal) to achieve these goals. 3. Name two points you would educate this patient on for maximizing function and prevention/delay of future exacerbation. Select points that have not been cited by other students. 4. Would you work on standing this patient? Why or why not? Answers: Introduction Guillain-Barr syndrome or GBS is described as a group of clinical symptoms which manifests as acute inflammatory poly radiculoneuropathy. GBS results in diminished reflex and weakness. Symptoms and Signs A typical patient with GBS, suffers from relatively gentle gastrointestinal or respiratory illness. The patients have complaints of and muscle weakness in the lower extremities of the body and finger dysesthesias. The weakness progresses over hours to days to affecting the muscles of respiration, truncal muscles, arms, and cranial nerves. GBS is an immune mediated disease and post infectious. Humoral and cellular immune mechanisms most probably play an important role in the development of GBS. In the weeks preceding the onset of GBS, patients report an infectious illness. Most of the infectious agents of GBS which have identified till now induce the production of antibodies which cross-react with specific glycolipids and gangliosides, like GD1b and GM1. These antibodies are distributed in the peripheral nervous system throughout the myelin. 1. Goals for patient Muscle strength is manually assessed by standard methods A Normal grade is the full existent range of motion against gravity and high manual resistance (Riley, 2016). The patient has lower extremity muscle strength grades are as follows: 1/5: There is flicker in the muscle but there is no movement 2/5: Movement of muscle is possible but there is no movement against the gravity 3/5: Movement of muscle is possible against gravity but there is no resistance offered by the examiner Goal 1 Patient will perform excursion exercises and trunk rotation with hands clasped together in standing 5 to 10 times, 1 to 3 times a day. The patient should lie flat, bend his knees and put feet flatly on the floor. Then he should inhale and exhale, while twisting at the waist. Along with this legs should be lowered slightly to the right side. The knees should be pressed together while doing this. Then patient should inhale while returning legs to the center, keeping the knees pointed at the ceiling. The patient should exhale and lower the legs to the left. The pelvis should not be lifted off the floor. Goal 2 The patient will ambulate within parallel bar using assistance of contact guard while seeing the reflection in a mirror, for 5 minutes, thrice a day. The patient should place the working limb on one side and the stump on the other. After this the patient stares at the mirror which is placed on the side of the good limb and makes movements which are mirror-symmetric. The patient sees the reflected image of the moving hand and thus, it seems as if the phantom limb is moving. Using this false visual feedback the patient can "move" the bad limb this stimulates the patient to unclench the bad limb from painful positions (Chan et al., 2007). 2. Treatment interventions For the first goal, patients need to be monitored for hemodynamic instability as well as cardiac arrhythmias, during the rehabilitation program. The intensity of the suggested exercise program should also be monitored because overworking the muscles may sometimes lead to increased weakness of the patient (Andary, 2016). For the second goal mentioned here, intravenous immunoglobulin should be administered as treatment intervention. During administering intravenous immunoglobulin, healthy immunoglobulin is extracted from the donor blood and given to the patient through intravenous injections. The healthy antibodies block the harmful antibodies thus destroying such harmful foreign bodies which attack the nerves. Doses of IVIg are given each day for 5 days. (Nhs.uk, 2014) 3. Patient teaching During GBS patients may suffer from bad moods, so they may find it useful to talk with counselors. Patients of GBS and their family members should be taught about the disease in detail (Andar, 2016). It is an event that can have long lasting implications on physical and psychological condition. Family training and education is important to avoid complications later during the rehabilitation stages of the disease. 4. Making the patient stand The patient will not be able to stand in the third week because of muscle weakness and in addition there might be shortness of breath due to weakness of respiratory muscles and proprioception may also be impaired (Andary, 2016). Approximately eighty percent of the patients suffering from GBS can walk independently from the 6th month and almost sixty percent of patients fully recover their motor strength in one year. In almost five to ten percent of patients recovery becomes a prolonged process, requiring many months of dependency on the ventilator. References Andary, M. (2016). Retrieved 15 January 2016, from Calefato, J. (2012). [online] Available at: https://www.acpin.net/Resources/Synapse_Autumn_2012.pdf [Accessed 15 Jan. 2016]. Nhs.uk,. (2014).Guillain-Barr syndrome - Treatment - NHS Choices. Retrieved 15 January 2016, from https://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Guillain-Barre-syndrome/Pages/Treatment.aspx Riley, M. (2015).Dune.une.edu. Retrieved 15 January 2016, from https://dune.une.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031context=pt_studcrpaper Chan, B., Witt, R., Charrow, A., Magee, A., Howard, R., Pasquina, P. et al. (2007). Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain.New England Journal Of Medicine,357(21), 2206-2207. https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmc071927